Monday, September 30, 2019

Case Study: Starbucks’ Structure

Barista: This job contributes to Starbucks success by ensuring our service and store standards are met. We do this by providing customers with prompt service, quality beverages and products. Starbucks and partners will experience a friendly, upbeat and clean atmosphere. Key Responsibilities: Develops enthusiastically satisfied customers all of the time. Welcomes and connects with every customer. Discover customer needs and appropriately suggests product with every customer to enhance service and meet sales goals. Offers customers demonstrations, and samples using brewing equipment.Howard Schultz became convinced that he could turn coffee drinking into a cultural experience. He had traveled to Italy and watched with interest as city dwellers would stop to begin the day at a coffee bar. Using the same type of model, Schultz purchased and opened his first location as Il Giornale. The company evolved into Starbucks, where multitudes of consumers began purchasing designer coffees, such as espresso, cappuccino, and coffee mocha. Store interiors encourage lounging and relaxing with a newspaper, magazine, laptop, or friends.Each cafe featured enticements such as jazz music in the background, additional merchandise to examine, and comfortable seating. (Reilly, Minnick, & Baack, 2011). Until the 2008 recession, Starbucks had continued to grow. Some of the units in larger cities experimented with selling additional products, including lunch service. Then a quickly collapsing economy, possibly coupled with other problems, including over expansion, sent the corporation on a downhill slide. Founder Howard Schultz worried that the addition of so many locations had watered down the Starbucks experience. Reilly, Minnick, & Baack, 2011).. Starbucks should be using is departmentalization by geographic region. Starbucks locations are all over the United States. According to our text, â€Å"Geographical departmentalization makes it possible to tailor managerial efforts that addres s territorial differences. †(Reilly, M. , Minnick, C. , & Baack, D. , 2011). Departmentalization can be defined as an effective organizational tool in that it involves dividing people up into different departments or divisions in which collections of tasks are placed together, such as accounting, marketing, and production.Going through Starbucks case study, the best suited departmentalization for Starbucks would be by Geographic Region. Starbucks has its financial affairs, legal affairs separated from stores. It has also added talent management, human resources and training and development as part of being specialized departments. This structure works, because it is separated from day to day business and does not interfere with store operations. This will help in the different locations to adapt the menu to accommodate. For example the Starbucks in Florida may sale more ice coffees than in Washington State where it is not as hot.When the increase of competition began the decli ne of sales for Starbucks, the leadership shouldn’t try to centralize power. With the leadership being centralized the organization may start making bad decisions because it only allows for two or three leaders to be overwhelmed and start making wrong decisions, where as if they were to have more ideas from their employees they may be able to come up with a structure that can help them through the decline of sales The configuration that best fits Starbucks would have to be the divisional organization.This is because Starbucks has different products and many business units all around the world. According to an article, Mintzberg’s Organizational Configurations, â€Å"The benefit of the divisional organization is that it allows the line managers to maintain more control and accountability. †(Mindtools, 2012). In conclusion, Starbucks organizations have been a great place for people to work, customers to hang out at, and overall a great place to have coffee.From wh at I see, the structure that Starbucks has been using, so far has been doing a good job. According to Howard Schultz, Starbucks chairman, â€Å"Starbucks continues to expand our global Starbucks footprint and accelerate the innovation and momentum in our CPG business† (Financial Release, 2011) ? References: CNN Money, (Feb. 7, 2011). CNN Money, 100 Best Companies to work for. Retrieved on September 10, 2012 fromhttp://money. cnn. com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2011/snapshots/98. tml MindTools, (2012). Mintzberg’s Organizational Configurations, Understandingthe structure of your organization, retrieved on September 10, 2012 fromhttp://www. mindtools. com/pages/article/newSTR_54. htm Reilly, M. , Minnick, C. , & Baack, D. (2011). The five functions of effective management. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. Starbucks Coffee Company, (2012). Starbucks Investor Relations, 2011 Financial Release, retrieved on September 10, 2012

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Aero-Space Engineering †The New Field of Engineering

Aero-space engineering is a new field of engineering that has tight links with the fields of astro-physics, theoretical physics, chemistry, structural engineering, and space dynamics. It is definitely an old form of engineering if we refer to the space launch in the 1960’s, but this field is considered new because the new theoretical propositions in both space chemistry and astro-physics were put to test. New methods deserved new application. First, aero space engineers takes part in the designing of launch pads stationed in a body of water, say in the Atlantic or Pacific oceans. Engineers in the 1960’s to 70’s faced the difficulty of achieving bouyancy of launch pads due to some miscalculations or rudimentary tools. Because of advances in theoretical physics, these calculations were corrected. Aero-space engineers were able to develop launch pads that can be released from bodies of water. They were also able to develop spacecraft parts that can withstand the temperature in space. They were also the once who developed highly efficient landing tools for rovers and the Viking satellites. Because of the difficulty of their work, an aero-space engineer has to study the environment of a place (a planet or satellite) before the major design for a landing probe start. They would have to consult with other scientists trained in other fields to get data and advice. They would have to coalesce these pieces of data to dvelop or modify space equipments. The more complicated the data, the more complicated is the resulting technology. It is then of no doubt that an aero-space engineer would have to take a wide range of courses from ecology to physics to astro-physics. This would ensure that the would-be aero-space engineer has a wide-range of knowledge when it comes to design and modification. Although aero-space engineering is offered only in some American universities, its prospect for the future is great. There is a wide array of possibilities waiting for any graduate of the new field. NASA is offering wide range of job (highly paid) for these graduates. Reference: The Princeton Review. Career Profiles: Aero-Space Engineer. Princeton Review Publishing, 1997. Related links: http://www.discoverengineering.org/Engineers/aerospace_engineering.asp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospace_engineering   

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Being Alone

Accountant†¦no amount of money can be compared for the happiness I brought to my family including my clan in both side of my parents. I’ve realized that being a rat of this year refers to my personality, the mouse must need to run for the purpose of saving his life while the cat run for his need so he must eat the mouse†¦isn’t it true? The point is why I would rather waste my life for no reason, I could stand up on my own without relying from the source of others†¦I need to sacrifice the alf of me just to prove I’m still not withdrawing what I’ve been promised before†¦ The half of the year finally came and LandBank hired me as a Bookkeeper†¦the chance for regularization is not possible but still, the status can’t predict for many reasons and considerations. My life became better for I found more friends, I have part-time job with my landlady who is an Independent Auditor, also a CPA, I became busy with my job and attending every Sunday on Victory†¦ maybe one way to forget all the heartaches and it lessens whatever stress I have. The blessings I received for the 2008, the bonus I get from my work, in a little way I hope my family appreciate what I’ve been shared with them, I’m thankful for those people who made my year very fruitful. God continuously give all we need so we must keep Lord in our Heart and always share His glory†¦. the very reason why unexpected things happen, whether it is good or bad.. is the love of God for us. For me, the time is not enough to return all the sacrifices He made for us so never surrender our trust and faith to Him while we use the life we borrow from Him, enjoy and be patient in everything we do. What had been promise will be done through Jesus Christ in a right time. Yes, the year is now 2009, 2008 still had an impact with my life, will always be a part of my memory. I’m ready to finish the pain and face the new set of challenges!!! yehey!!!! What more important is to accept our mistake and how you’ll make it right .. saying sorry to someone will the best way to free yourself. .

Friday, September 27, 2019

Economics and management Quantity Surveying Essay

Economics and management Quantity Surveying - Essay Example onstruction industry worldwide employs huge numbers of workers as this industry is labour driven; if there is lack of labour the construction industry encounters huge challenge. The attrition in this industry is higher compared to others as wage becomes the problem (Wong, 2003). The labours do not get the motivation to work in this sector as they cannot find ways to improve their standard of living by employing their skills. Construction companies concentrate on planning, leading, organizing and controlling the operation in order to excel in the present competitive world. Managers focus on these aspects before executing the project. There have been a number of researches pertaining to construction industry, which have highlighted the fact unambiguously that the project managers are the most important success factor of the projects. Herbert et al. (1970 cited in Goetsch and Davis, 2006) has identified that little attention has been given to the leadership issue that arises in the construction industry on a regular basis. In spite of this situation, there are several researches pertaining to this issue and the authors have provided their views accordingly. Although the researches failed to address the main issues in the industry instead, they highlighted the general problems that are encountered by all the industries worldwide. The reason behind the inefficiency to provide the exact reason pertaining to e ffectiveness of leadership in construction industry is the lack of understanding. Therefore, the present essay lays emphasis on the importance of leadership in the construction industry (Hotho and Dowling, 2010). Leadership is defined as the behaviour of an individual by virtue of which one aims at directing or controlling a group of team members. It is a reciprocal process that encourages individuals to concentrate on values, political and economic resources so as to achieve an ascertained goal. The leaders should posses the ability to direct their subordinates

Thursday, September 26, 2019

World Rankings Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World Rankings - Research Paper Example A Superpower can also be described as a country that has the capacity to project the dominating power and the influence to other countries. This may lead the world to attain the status of the global hegemony. This term came first into effect in the year 1944 to the British Empire, the Soviet Union, and the United States of America. This was due to the World War 2 from the year 1939 to the year 1945. What followed in the British Empire are the change of its colonies to attain independence and a consequent change to common wealth countries from colonies. The United States and the Soviet Union remained as the only superpowers in existence. However, there developed a period commonly known as the cold war era where by the United States and the Soviet Union differed in terms of policies. The United States supported the capitalist economies whereas the Soviet Union supported the communist economies (Socijalisticki & Jugoslavije, 2011.) In order to be considered a superpower nation, several aspects have to be taken into consideration. However, there are no distinctive aspects but mostly what is considered as a superpower is the countries dominance in military, economic, political, and cultural aspects.

Question's about the Otto group Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Question's about the Otto group - Assignment Example Because international expansion involves much strategic planning, the Otto Group has had to design a multichannel strategy that can be successful in any environment. The key to success on a global scale is to be flexible and go along with local market conditions. The Otto Group has planned this level of international expansion well by refocusing its strategic capabilities toward these areas. Although the company has been successful before with direct marketing channels, the Otto Group will need to change its focus to internet services because this is the way that modern shopping trends are going. The key is to make sure that customers buy into this e-commerce strategy and respond well to it. The firm appears to prefer takeovers and acquisitions going by its recent history in Europe. The reason for this is because these entry modes are less risky and the company can safeguard some of its investment. The markets of Central and Eastern Europe, although relatively untouched, can be risky for outsiders to enter because there is not a great deal of economic stability. It makes sense that the Otto Group would want to use an already existing brand because this saves on start-up costs. Conversely, in the United States the company seems to have learned its lesson. After a failed acquisition in 2009, the Otto Group returned the following year with a Greenfield investment. This makes sense because the American economy is relatively stable and the company can maintain greater control over business operations. The Otto Group is entering the US market again because it realizes the mistakes that it made before. Acquiring a US company does not allow the Otto Group to use its own innovations to reach the American consumer. Now that the company has "got its feet wet," the Otto Group knows what it needs to do to succeed and it is now willing to use its own resources and capabilities. With its prior attempt, the Otto

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Organizational Processes, Human Resources and Ethics Needed to Be Assignment

Organizational Processes, Human Resources and Ethics Needed to Be Established in Kava - Assignment Example According to contingency theories, managers in most cases, design organizational structures that are most appropriate to the factors and circumstances surrounding the domain area of the organization itself. There are no set standards. One can’t tell which organizational structure is the best, as there are various ways to design an organization. For a particular organization, the rigid structure may be the best possible approach while for others a more flexible approach may be the right way out. Four factors are important determinants of the organizational structure or the organizing strategy a manager may opt for. These include the kind of organizational environment, the sort of business strategy the organization undertakes, the technology that has been applied in the organization and the characteristics of human resources within the organization. Kava is an island country, situated in the South Pacific. More than 50% of its population is 15 years of age. It is an ethnic mix of indigenous South Pacific tribes comprising of Asian, African, French, Spanish and a sizable number of Americans. There are a lot of languages spoken in the region comprising of English, Spanish and French and a couple of other indigenous languages. Its economy is agriculture oriented and thrives on petroleum, coffee, cocoa, spices, bananas, sugar, fishing tourism and natural gas. There is inexpensive quality labor available throughout. One of the biggest problems associated with this land is its vulnerability to natural disasters. These include threats like that of Tsunami, Hurricanes, Tornadoes, floods, fires, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, HIV/AIDS, Petroleum spill, the High risk for avian flu and terrorism within and outside the country. There is a major lack of proper infrastructure in the region because KAVA is a region that has been affected by natural disaster.

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Discussing the ancient hebrews and AT LEAST one other ancient culture Essay

Discussing the ancient hebrews and AT LEAST one other ancient culture - Essay Example This paper focuses mainly on the creation stories of the Hebrews, and compares it to the creation stories of the Greeks and Egyptians. The creation stories of these cultures are discussed and analyzed from their different historical contexts. The Hebrew culture is one of the major ancient cultures in the world. The early history of the Hebrews is recounted in the Bible in the form of patriarchal legends about Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. These are considered the descendants of the Hebrew people. Nonetheless, the 12 sons of Jacob are considered the ancestors of the 12 tribes of Israel (see Genesis 29:31-30:24 and 35:16-18 and Exodus 1:1-7). The Hebrew Bible, which is the Old Testament comprises different Hebrew texts, which were collected and assembled by major Jewish scholars between the seventh to tenth centuries A.D. These were collected from codices and scrolls. Nonetheless, the old testament comprises two major creation stories of the Hebrew people. This is quite normal, as it is n ot a strange thing for one culture to have different accounts of creation stories. The two creation stories of the Hebrews are entirely different, and these are recounted differently. The creation story of the Hebrews is from Genesis 2:4 to 3:24 of the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament. Different extensive analyses of the style and content of the Bible has led to the conviction that the first creation story in the Bible might have been written about the tenth Century B.C. This was around the time of the reign of King Solomon. During this period, the nation of Israel was strong and stable. On the other hand, the creation story of Genesis 1:1 to Genesis 2:3 was written three to four centuries later and under different circumstances2. The author of the creation story of Genesis 2:4 to 3:24 is known to scholars as "J.† There is no clarity whether the same author wrote all the two creation stories or whether it was two different authors, including J and P. Nonetheless, â€Å"Jâ₠¬  is considered the most primitive or rural author of the creation stories of the Hebrews. In addition, the exact characteristic of â€Å"J† is not well known by the Bible scholars. While some think that J might have been a poet, others consider J to have been a priest. It is also thought that J was probably recording his or her people's oral traditions in written form. Therefore, lack of clarity of the author of the Hebrew creation stories is quite a challenge. Similarly, since Hebrews have two different accounts of creation stories, people might find it challenging or confusion to believe both the creation stories. As the stories of creation of the Ancient Hebrews addressed the creation of human beings and the earth, other Ancient cultures too had creation stories, which addressed the origin of various phenomena, including humans and the earth, among others. First, the â€Å"Pericles' Funeral Oration† written by Thucydides can be considered a form of creation story among the Ancient Greek. Although this does not explain the origin of earth or humans, it qualifies as a creation story, as it explains the rebuilding of Athens after a major war with Persia, which had devastated the country, as well as the people therein, including the effects of a major plaque that killed many Athenians. Nonetheless, this is a historical account, which is however important in explaining how Athens got itself back together after a devastating situation. The

Monday, September 23, 2019

Sainsbury Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sainsbury - Case Study Example In 1972 the company was placed on the London stock exchange. The family members maintained eighty five percent of the shares. In 1979 they went into partnership with GB Inn BM a retail company from Belgium. And started a chain store using their Home base. Soon after buying Texas Home care in 1995 the size of home base became tripled. In 2000 Home base was sold by Sainsbury. Currently it is planning to relocate to King cross the support centre store from Holborn. This year it has also added to itself Curley's store from the Irish. It is currently operating eight hundred and twenty three supermarkets and stores. Out of these five hundred and four are supermarkets. While three hundred and nineteen are convenience stores. It is also offering shopping on internet; they have also started a bank in conjunction with a Scottish bank. Its supply chain is also operating in 10 centres of region distribution. The pestel model can be used to analyze the macro environment factors that are likely to affect the business for example the changes in the in taxes imposed, trade laws, change in government policy, and change in population and many more others. The model takes into consideration the following factors; Political, Economic, Social, Technological, environmental and the legal factors. ThPolitical Factors: The Government announced last month that's its intending to decrease the taxes it is imposing to the corporation companies by two percent (from the current thirty percent to twenty eight percent). This will have a big impact to the corporation Sainsbury included they will be able to save a lot of money. The money they will have saved will be allocated to an alternative use. (Department of Treasury 2008). There were allegations in UK about the retailers who were fixing prices. The government has established commission of enquiry. The investigation is mainly done to the biggest four retail industries who have been accused of the malpractices J. Sainsbury included. This is going to affect Sainsbury despite the fact that they have already established themselves with their customer. As many of their customers will have a negative perception about them, they will think that they have all along been cheated. (Doherty 2008 page 15) The good infrastructure which the government has provided like good roads has also impacted positively on them, as this has made their goods to move with ease. In 1997 the government (Labour party) established the Monetary Policy Committee. The body was given the mandate to set the rates of interest. Despite this being political it had an impact on the economy of the country which in turn affected the profits earned by Sainsbury in their banking business. Economic Factors: The food problem that the world is currently undergoing has made the prices of the food to increase. This has greatly increased the cost of expenditure which Sainsbury is using to buy food. Their profit margin is expected to reduce to some small percentage. The prices of most commodities have raised in the supermarket a fact that is attributed to the current food shortages. All these are expected to have an impact on the profit margin that is the profit margin is expected to reduce. (Sir Henry 2007 page 23) The current economic turmoil

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Ethical Principles and Codes of Practice Essay Example for Free

Ethical Principles and Codes of Practice Essay Ethical principles and codes of practice can provide guidance in day-to-day practice. Analyse Peter’s situation in the case study and come to a conclusion about what would be an appropriate response. This essay will analyse the ethical principles and code of practice in relation to the case study of Peter, a man suffering from Alzheimer’s disease and will suggest a course of action for Peter’s situation based upon the application of these principles and the code. It will do this by examining the term ‘ethics’ and will focus on four ethical principles found to be relative to the kinds of ethical issues and challenges met within health and social care settings, these will be applied to the case study. Peter’s situation is that of a man, who, at the request of his family, unhappily (but apparently necessarily), moved to Parkside Manor, a small residential care home. Of late Peter’s condition of Alzheimer’s disease has advanced and he has become progressively uninhibited. His behaviour has caused the staff to question Peter’s placement at the care home, as some of the other residents are beginning to become troubled and distressed by his behaviour. Some staff feel that with the number of residents needing attention, Peter’s needs require more time than they have to give. However Peter’s family are resolute in their decision for him to remain at Parkside. ‘Ethics’ are defined as ‘the philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it’ (Collins, 2006, p535). Individual values develop over time through socialisation, upbringing and experiences. These values when viewed on a personal level, guide individual actions. Individuals working in the health and social care setting also hold professional values derived from professional training and ideology. Decisions are made using both personal and professional values and all decisions will have an ethical dimension. Historically health and social care practitioners have been directed by principles and guidance, enabling them to develop what is described as a professional morality. Codes of practice have long been seen as regulations guiding practice, with clear standards of conduct (General Social Care Council, 2010, p 4). These usually include some exclusion’s such as disclosure of information but they mainly describe expected forms of conduct. In areas of health and social care ethical principles are used along with codes of practice to guide and enhance the decision-making process. These principles are related to a sense of doing the right thing or that which is moral and with ideas of what is good and bad practice (K217, Book 4, p28).This idea can be problematic and can be viewed both objectively and subjectively. If viewed from an objective point of view, who should be trusted to know what is the objective truth? If subjective, who is the one whose opinion should be listened to? Questions such as these are often at the core of dilemmas. Professionals working within health and social care environments do not just deal with decisions based upon the right and good. Consideration should also be given to ‘ethical dilemmas’, these are situations when two choices are apparent, both eq ual in morality and ethics (K217, Book4, p29). Pattison and Heller (2001) suggest, ethics and value issues thread their way through normal, daily health care practice, the interpretation of which is open to more than one explanation (K217, Offprints, p131). Although principles guide actions, there is still a need to assess a situation and devise an appropriate response. This assessment and response derive from an individual’s values and training as much as from principles. Ethical principles are important in the field of health and social care. Practitioners need to have the ability to make informed, ethical and justifiable decisions relating to the individuals in their care. This can be difficult when faced with a challenging case. Using a framework to develop a structured way of thinking through a particular ethical situation or challenge can be helpful. The ETHICS framework was developed to assist people working in care settings and offers a structured way of assessing a course of action in order to come to an ethically informed decision. It emphasizes the need to be able to select a course of action based upon guidance, information and established principles, as well as the individual’s beliefs. The framework requires practitioners to firstly, Enquire about the relevant facts of the case, Think about the options that are available to all involved, Hear the views of everyone (including service user, family members and relevant providers), Identify any relevant ethical principles and values which may help to guide the decision–making process, Clarify the meaning and consequences of any key values and finally Select a course of action offering supporting arguments (K217, Book4, p32). When taking into account the case study, four ethical principles will be examined. These are: respect for autonomy, non-malfeasance, beneficence and justice. The principles are seen as the starting points for the development of ethical approaches to care practice, providing a practical set of principles, which rather than offe ring direct answers to ethical dilemmas, set out useful guiding principles for practitioners when faced with controversial decisions (K217, Book 4, p34). In Peter’s situation, Autonomy or self-determination is complex. Respect for Autonomy refers to a commitment to respect the decision-making capability of an autonomous individual. Autonomy is the freedom to act as a person wishes, to be able to make decisions about their own life and not to be controlled by others. The case study points out that Peter ‘unhappily’ left his home, at the request of his family to move into Parkside Manor, indicating that Peter had no control over this situation. This lack of right to choose where he lives, directly impinges on Peter’s ability to be autonomous and make reasoned informed choices. Beauchamp and Childress (2009) identify two areas necessary for autonomy: Liberty or independence from control and Agency, the capacity for deliberate action (K217, Book 4, p39). When applying this principle to Peter’s case, it could be argued that a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s limits his capabilities to make decisions for himself, limiting capacity for intentional action and so reducing Peter’s ability to function as an autonomous individual. The codes of practice for social care workers (2010) state: ‘a social care worker must respect the rights of service users while seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not harm themselves or others’ (General Social Care Council, 2010, p9, 4.2). This causes a conflict of interest between Peter’s rights to act in a manner that he chooses and that of the other residents, who deserve to be able to move freely about the home without the risk of being upset or distressed by Peter’s actions. Staff may wish to take steps to minimise the potential risk of Peter’s behaviour causing mental harm and upset to other residents and by following risk assessment policies could asse ss the potential risks in this situation (General Social Care Council, 2010, p9, 4.2). Identifying harmful behaviour is multifaceted and open to interpretation. The assessment of risk could have serious consequences for Peter perhaps leading to a limiting of his rights and liberty in the interest of protecting others from harm (K217, Book 4, p60). Therefore over protection or unnecessary limitation could be considered an infringement upon Peter’s human rights (K217, Book 4 p65). The case study does not accurately point out if Peter has the mental capability to understand that his actions could be disruptive and upsetting for others. This being the case it may also be appropriate to talk to both Peter and his family about the situation in order to find a solution. As the code of practice maintains, ‘care workers must promote the independence of service users and assist them to understand and exercise their rights’ (General Social Care Council, 2010, p8, 3.1). It is suggested, that in cases where decision making capacity is deemed to be impaired, respect for autonomy may involve the care worker acting appropriately in an in dividual’s ‘best interests’ (K217, Book 4, p40). The difficulty here is that Peters best interests cannot be viewed without taking into account the best interests of other residents, care workers and relatives. This shows the limits of the code of practice in taking a narrow ethical view rather than trying to take a wider and more balanced perspective. Beneficence and the promotion of welfare are concerned with the provision of benefits and the balance of these against risk in the care and treatment of service users. It requires that care providers make a positive contribution to help others, not just refrain from acts of harm. It could be argued that in Peter’s case, moving into a residential setting may be seen as ‘doing good’. The theory of beneficence or ‘doing good’ is embedded in health and social care practice. Although, rather than being straightforward in its attempts to solve ethical dilemmas, beneficence can be viewed as being rather vague (K217, Book4, p34). The application of beneficence in Peter’s situation could be seen as a controversial one. The need to ‘do good’ in this situation could be seen to be against Peter’ s best interests, as in the case of consent. The case study alludes to the fact that Peter’s family are making decisions on behalf of Peter and that the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease means that he is incapable of contributing to decisions around his care and wellbeing. It could therefore be argued that this results in a paternalistic approach to care, whereby the family (who are making decisions on behalf of Peter) may be guided by practitioners views of what is in Peter’s ‘best interests’ and in doing so may neglect the choice and personal responsibility of the individual (K217, Book 4, p36). However paternalism may be viewed as acceptable if it is proved that Peter’s autonomy or decision-making capacity is compromised. In this case it may be advisable to initiate an assessment of Peter’s mental health capacity in order to justify the families’ involvement in the decision-making process. Beauchamp and Childress (2009) claim, the philosophy of non-malfeasance is an obligation to do no harm. Unlike beneficence, which promotes welfare and concentrates upon positively helping others, non-malfeasance focuses upon guiding health and social care practitioners to avoid harm-causing activities, this includes negligence. Having a duty of care for a person or persons in care is an ethical concept, neglect is an absence of ‘due care’ the lack of which would be seen as falling below the standards expected by the law and code of practice. The principle of non-malfeasance can be difficult to apply in practice (K217, Book 4, p37). Peter has not been physically harmed himself, although it could be disputed that his behaviour around Parkside Manor could be having a detrimental effect on the wellbeing of the other residents who are beginning to be upset by Peter’s uninhibited behaviour. Section 3 of the codes of practice for social care workers may guide staff in pr omoting the independence of other service users (residents) in assisting them to understand and exercise their rights to autonomy. Also for staff to use the appropriate procedures and protocols in which to keep other service users safe from harm (General Social Care Council, 2010, p8, 3.1). As stated, Peter’s ability to make decisions about his care could be impaired, as in the right to choose where to live (which was made at the request of his family). However, maintaining Peter in his own home, as was his wish, would require extra resources such as daily social care help. If this was unavailable, Peter’s wish to remain in his home could be seen as detrimental to his health and wellbeing as his condition deteriorated and this would not uphold the principle of non- malfeasance. The moral principle of justice according to Beauchamp (2006) is fairness in the distribution of benefit and risk (K217, Book4, p42). It can be viewed as fair, impartial and suitable treatment for the autonomous individual. This suggests that everyone has the right to participate in the decision-making process surrounding the ir own treatment. This clearly is not the case for Peter, as he may no longer be classed as an autonomous service user and may not be able to articulate his needs or desires in respect of his care. In this case the staff may wish to assign a person as an advocate to represent and support (where appropriate) Peter’s views and wishes (General Social Care Council, 2010, p6, 1.2). The case study also identifies the staffs growing concerns about their own abilities to be able to give Peter the care that he requires, with some suggesting that his needs demand more time than they have available. The code of practice sets out clear guidelines for staff in Section 3, stating that any resource or operational difficulties experienced by the care worker is to be brought to the attention of the employer or the appropriate authority (General Social Care Council, 2010, p8, 3.4). Staff working within the care home are under increasing pressure to cope with the demanding behaviour that Peter displays and in this case may feel that they are neglecting the other residents because of Peter’s growing needs. This highlights the problem staff have in distinguishing fairly between those that are seen to need support and those that are not. Discrimination such as this all be it without intention of causing harm, raises questions of inequality. As highlighted, codes of practice and other ethical guidelines are not without their limitations. These limitations are often down to an individual’s freedom of choice and their views of what is right and wrong. Codes of practice deal in respect of that is the ‘norm’ not the ‘usual’ and at this point common sense and a corporate view are necessary. Using the four principles to analyse Peter’s situation is far from simple as the principles themselves are open to individual interpreta tion. The task for those directly involved in Peters care, such as family, professionals and the care workers at Parkside, is to ascertain their legal, professional and ethical positions and balance these against the need to protect and care for other residents and staff within the care setting. This may involve identifying ways to reduce the risk to others and to Peter’s dignity and privacy. As the code of practice states ‘a social care worker must respect and maintain dignity and privacy of service users’ (general Social Care Council, 2010, p6, 1.4). Some of the staff at Parkside have begun to question if the placement is an appropriate one given Peter’s growing needs. Staff at Parkside Manor could begin to examine ways of improving the care and support on offer to both Peter and the other residents by firstly initiating an assessment of Peter’s mental health capacity, in order for staff to better comprehend Peter’s level of understanding and to further meet his needs. This will form part of a support plan that will identify resources necessary to meet his growing requirements. The case study does not adequately highlight if Parkside Manor is equipped to deal with mental health problems such as Alzheimer’s or if the population is that of older residents with general care needs. One solution for the family may be to investigate the possibility of an alternative placement for Peter. Placing Peter in a more suitable setting where the staff are more used to dealing with conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease could enhance quality of care and increase Peter’s quality of life. Bibliography Collins, 2006, Collins Concise English Dictionary. Glasgow, HarperCollins Publishers. Open University (2010) K217, Adult health, social care and wellbeing, Chapter 14, Ethics in health and social care. Milton Keynes,The Open University Open University (2010) K217, Adult health, social care and wellbeing, Offprints, Swimming in a sea of ethics and values. Milton Keynes,The Open University General Social Care Council, 2010, Codes of Practice for social care workers. Available at: http://www.gscc.org.uk/cmsFiles/Registration/Codes%20of%20Practice/CodesofPracticeforSocialCareWorkers.pdf [Accessed 25/02/12] Gillon Raanan, 1994, Medical ethics : four principles plus the attention to scope. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2540719/pdf/bmj00449-0050.pdf [Accessed 09/03/12]

Friday, September 20, 2019

Political factors include government regulations and legal issues

Political factors include government regulations and legal issues Pest Analysis, (2010) Pest analysis is for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis and helps to set a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. Williams and Curtis (2007) that political factors include government regulations and legal issues and define both formal and informal rules under which the firm must operate. Specifically, political factors areas such as tax policy, labor law, advertising law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability Government plays an important role in the economy as well as in taxes to be charged to the company. These factors also play an important role in the employment law, competition regulations as the company can not make specific prices as they have to follow the competition regulations. Economic factors have economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. Pest Analysis, (2010) the factors have major impacts on how business works and decision making, example, interest rates affect a firms cost of capital and therefore it affects the business and how will grow and expand. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods. Economic factors affect the purchasing power of potential customers as the power to buy the product. Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external microenvironment. Pest Analysis, (2010) these factors affect customer needs and the size of markets. Social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company works. Companies may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers). Social factors affect the needs and wants of the customer and the way they buy a particular product, as the demand may decline with the new product which offered to the wrong age sector. Pest Analysis, (2010) Technological factors can reduce the barriers to enter and reduce minimum efficient production levels, and play a big role outsourcing decisions. They can help to determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Technological factors help to technological shifts that can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. pestmarketing SWOT analysis, (2010) SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business. SWOT analysis is a business tool by which, a firm will be able to implement a strategic analysis, analyzes and recognizes its corporate Strengths and Weaknesses as well as the existed or forthcoming Opportunities and Threats from its external environment. Completing a SWOT analysis will help in identifying and the ways to minimize the affect of weaknesses in your business while maximizing your strengths only when these four critical information elements are well elaborated and known. SWOT analysis compiles of, SWOT analysis, (2010) Strengths: attributes of the person or company that is helpful to achieving the objective Weaknesses: attributes of the person or company that is harmful to achieving the objective Opportunities: external conditions that is helpful to achieving the objective Threats: external conditions which could do damage to the objective Honda Motors is one of the most successful automobiles company in the world and with the help of PEST analysis and SWOT analysis they have come so far as they are able to understand what are the political factors, economic, social and technological factors they have to understand when they are producing the automobiles as well have to understand the needs and wants of the customer as well as the economy of the place as the government plays an important role. They have to understand the technology they have to provide in there automobiles because the latest technology will be able to attract the people better and they would be able to reach the market better and the relevance of SWOT analysis in running the business is very important as Honda has to understand what are there strengths, weakness, opportunity, threats in order to be successful in the market as they need PEST and SWOT analysis together to be able to survive in the market for long run these two analysis helps Honda to be a better company and be able to understand its customers and their needs. 2.1 Honda: Reconciling dichotomies (Product related core competencies versus process related core capabilities. Constructing dichotomies is the best avenue for new ideas in the field of automobiles industry. Productivity, (2010) Product related core competencies are measurement of the effective use of the resources, expressed as the ratio of output and input. Productivity as the ratio of output and input. Productivity us very important to business because they can gain market share and make great profits. For example, when productivity increases, product costs decline and product price can be reduced. Productivity relates to competitiveness in the way that if two firms have the same level of output but one requires less input because of higher productivity, that one will be able to charge a lower price and consequently increase its shares of the market. Process related core capabilities typically describing the act of taking something through an establishment and usually set of procedures to convert it from one form to another, as a manufacturing or administrative procedure. The process core capabilities at Honda is playing an important role as it is helping in having new and developing innovative ideas for the company and playing an important role in product related core competencies. Process Capabilities, (2010) The concept of process capability has been used by the manufacturing industry to quantify the relation between product specifications and the measured process performance. Various ratios and indices have been developed to describe this relation. 2.2 International trade is exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. International Trade, (2010) the main advantages of international trade are International trade has flourished over the years due to the many benefits it has offered to different countries across the globe. International trade is the exchange of services, goods, and capital among various countries and regions, without much hindrance. It is also one of important sources of revenue for a developing country, with the help of modern production techniques, highly advanced transportation systems, transnational corporations, outsourcing of manufacturing and services, and rapid industrialization, the international trade system is growing and spreading very fast. International trade, (2010) Great variety of goods available for consumption and international trade brings in different kinds of goods from different destinations. This gives consumers a variety of choice to choose from and which will not only improve their quality but also the whole country. Better allocation and better utilization of resources, since countries tend to produce goods and items which they are good at and have a comparative advantage towards its competitors. Efficient in production will help countries and they will adopt better methods of producing goods and this will keep the cost down in order to remain competitive. Countries that can produce a product at the lower price possible can gain the larger market share in the market. Therefore an incentive to produce efficiently arises. This will help standards of the product to increase and consumers will have a good quality product to consume. Automobile industry, (2010) Restricting trade in the context of global automobile industry, the global automotive industry, increasingly characterized by global mergers and relocation of production centers to emerging developing economies, is in the grips of a global price-war. The industry is subject to imperfect competition which has resulted in too much of everything too much capacity, too many competitors and too much redundancy and overlap. The industry is concerned with consumer demands for styling, safety, and comfort; and with labor relations and manufacturing efficiency. The industry have to really work hard to meet the demands of the consumers and what are the new wants as what types of cars they want in the automobile industry. Specialization in automobile (Honda) sector is increasingly becoming segment specific as each of these countries is finding its niche. China is specializing in components, India in two wheelers and small vehicles, Thailand in pick-up trucks and pass enger cars and Indonesia in utility vehicles. As Honda is understating its market in these areas and other areas of the world as they are providing according to their customers wants as they have restriction in providing different kinds of automobiles which is not required in the particular country. Automobile industry is a symbol of technical marvel by human kind. Being one of the fastest growing sectors in the world with its dynamic growth phases are explained by nature of competition, product life cycle and consumer demand. Today, the global automobile industry is concerned with consumer demands for styling, safety, and comfort; and with labor relations and manufacturing efficiency.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Computers, Hackers, And Phreaks :: essays research papers

The Internet is a wondrous place. Practically anything you could ever want is available on the Net. It's like a big city, it has the highly prestigious areas, and the sex-ridden slums (Mitchell). It has the upstanding citizens, and it has the criminals. On the Net, crime is more abundant than in a large city, though, mainly because of the difficulties in tracking and prosecuting offenders. Even from its beginnings, the Internet has always been a battlefield between phreaks and administrators.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet hasn't always been a public forum. In fact, the Internet has been around for years. The Internet is just a new fad (Larson). The Internet originally began as DARPANET, a government-created network, which was designed for defense communications. The Net structure is such that it could survive a nuclear war (Mitchell). The creation of the Net can not be blamed for the existence of hackers though, hackers are older than the Net itself, but the Net is the largest 'hacker haven' today (Spencer). The growth of the Net since its creation has been nothing less than astounding. In the 25-plus years since its creation, the Net now has over thirty million users using four million sites world wide. Estimates rate the growth of the Net anywhere from ten to fifteen percent per month (Spencer). The Internet was first released to major universities in the United States of America. Since then, the universities have offered connections to small business, service providers, and even to the individual user. Sometimes these connections cost a fortune, and sometimes they can be obtained for free (Larson). Although some of the original universities have dropped off the Net for various reasons, every major university in the United States, and now, most others in the world, have a connection to the Internet (Quittner).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although it isn't easy for an individual to get a direct connection to the Net, many private institutions are getting direct access. This is mainly due to the fact that in order to support the very high speed of the Net, a fast computer is needed and a fast connection. A fast computer can cost in the thousands of dollars, at least, and a quick connection can cost hundreds dollars or more. Individuals can still get on the Net through these private institutions. The private institution spoon-feeds the Net to the slower computers over their delayed connection lines (Jones). The Internet began very high-class, due to the fact that only super intelligent college students and professors could access it. The discussions tended to stay intellectual, with very little, if any, disturbance (Larson).

Letters and Correspondence in Austens Emma Essay -- Jane Austen

Letters and Correspondence in Austen's Emma Emma as the next step in the epistolary novel Jane Austen’s novel Emma was written at a time when the epistolary novel had just passed its peak (Cousineau, 32). Not only do letters and correspondence feature heavily in the novel, but according to April Alliston, â€Å"elements†¦ characteristic of novels of women’s correspondence recur in Austen† (221). Some examples of these elements that Alliston provides are the existence of young marriageable heroines; deceased mothers, or threatening ones which, in Austen’s novels, have become merely negligent; and substitute mothers who pass advice on to the daughter (221). As epistolary novels were comprised entirely of letters, early novelists could assert the pretended truth of their work rather than label it as fiction (Cousineau, 28). However, one disadvantage to this practice is that artefacts such as letters are â€Å"inscribed in doubleness and contradiction" (Cousineau, 14). Letters serve as a medium between the letter-writers and the reader, a medium which has the potential to warp the truth according to the private and unknown whims of the writers. By adopting an omniscient narration of her characters’ thoughts instead, Austen â€Å"[focussed] the reader’s â€Å"gaze† on the private space from which the heroine gazes out, thus fixing her more squarely in its exemplary frame than letter fiction ever could† (Alliston, 234). Although this method of narration â€Å"sacrifices the â€Å"documentary status†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ that eighteenth century fiction strove to achieve† (Alliston, 236), Austen’s novels al low us to see directly into a character’s thoughts. This both promises a more reliable version of "truth" by enabling the reader to learn a character’s genuine motivation, an... ...aults: Correspondences in Eighteenth-Century British and French Women’s Fiction. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1996. 219-241. Austen, Jane. Emma. New York: Oxford University Press Inc., 2003. Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 1997. Cousineau, Diane. â€Å"Letters and the Post Office: Epistolary Exchange in Jane Austen’s Emma.† Letters and Labyrinths. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Press, 1997. 13-51. Knoepflmacher, U. C. 2. The Importance of Being Frank: Character and Letter-Writing in Emma. Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, 1967. JSTOR 7 April 2007. Wheeler, David. The British Postal Service, Privacy, and Jane Austen’s â€Å"Emma†. South Atlantic Review, 1998. JSTOR. 7 April 2007.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Effect of Colors Essay -- Health, Bright Colors, Emotions

Do Colors Have an Effect on One’s Current Mood? Colors are a part of one’s everyday life and are introduced into one’s life starting at birth. For example, when a baby is born, the baby is showered with gifts and the color of the gifts is determined by his or her gender (e.g., blue for boys and pink for girls). Children often are dressed in colors associated with their gender. Furthermore, as individuals age and as their vocabulary increases, they tend to learn about associations between moods and colors and sometimes make those associations for themselves. For example, â€Å"I’m red with rage† or â€Å"I’ve got the blues† are common phrases used when describing feelings. Most research about the psychology of colors involves preference or association between colors and moods, and thus, the present study seeks to examine whether manipulating the colors of questionnaires will influence one’s self-reported mood. Mood An individual’s mood can be described as depicting an individual’s emotional state which is divided into two broad dimensions: positive and negative affect. Positive affect is characterized as the extent to which one experiences pleasurable engagement with the environment (Clark, Watson, & Leeka, 1989). On the other hand, negative affect is characterized as subjective distress and negative emotional states (Clark et al., 1989). Moreover, one who is high in positive affect is low in negative affect, and vice versa. Descriptors of positive affect include: active, alert, attentive, enthusiastic, interested, joyful, etc. Negative affect descriptors include: afraid, nervous, hostile, guilty, sad, etc. Preferences of Color and Emotional State Meerum Terwogt and Hoeksma (1995) examined whether individuals’ separate preferenc... ...hat individuals who had colorful work environments rated their emotional status as higher throughout the year. However, most of the work environments were neutral or subdued, and thus, the authors suggest that a moderate increase of color in work environments will be beneficial for employees’ moods. Weller and Livingston (1988) examined whether the colored paper of the questionnaires affected the participants’ responses to three vignettes describing a murder or rape. The colors used for the questionnaires were pink, blue, and white, and the participants were randomly assigned the colored questionnaires. The authors found that the pink questionnaires had less emotional responses than did the blue questionnaires; thus, suggesting that pink is a calmer color than blue which is contradictory to previously mentioned studies associating blue to relaxation and calmness.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Marketing plan description

What major demographic developments and trends pose opportunities or threats to firms doing business in this product category? Cutter Automotive can expect the following demographic changes to affect them (Ferron J) Reduction in number of customers who buy on impulse The customer base is decreasingly responsive to novelty , change and variety The customer of the present generation is looking for quality , durability and appropriateness There is an increased trade off between time and convenience to get a good buy. The customer base is looking for the best bargain and is not loyal like the earlier generations There is noticed increased loyalty to brands but not over all the products of that brand. The generation of today is spending more time and money at home There is noticed an increased focus on purchases with the future in mind. The customer is also information savvy and can be expected to know the in and out of the products and offers. The above list of changes can be an opportunity or a threat to the firm depending on the decisions that it implements. The firm can tailor its future business plan to take into account the changing mindset of the customer and make the shift in demographics an opportunity not a threat. The customer of the future is looking for the best bargain and is working more often than not on a budget.    The families of tomorrow are also 2 or more car families and if the dealership can convert sale into loyalty, the benefits could accrue in the form of future business. Due to the advent of the information age, the dealer can no longer rely on smooth talking sales personnel but on delivery of facts and offers. The dealership also needs to keep in mind the increase in online booking especially since the cars are mass made. What broad cultural or sub cultural patterns affect the public’s attitude towards the firms and/or products of the firms doing business in this product category? There exists a general perception amongst the public that car dealerships can be equated to words like â€Å"fleecing†. There also exists a perception like the dealership sells old cars made to look like new, over charges for accessories, the discounts advertised are not really discounts; customer is leeched if not careful. In a study conducted by HarrisInteractive for a project entitled Automotive Retailing today in 2004 , it was found that negative perceptions about what it is like to buy a car from a dealership is very different from actual experiences . These are sentiments handed down from generation to generation or person to person. A sample few may have had a bad experience or the dealership attitude may have been in the projected negative mould, and this has established itself as the image associated with a car dealership. This perhaps stems from the time when manufacturers were few , the car dealer was the all knowing and important person in control of sales , there was a monopoly of sorts and the product was an expensive investment. This situation may have given rise to the advice â€Å" Be careful while buying a car from the dealership , they will try to fleece you†. The study also found that people did not trust car dealerships in general but trusted â€Å"their† dealership, people held the perception that buying a car from the dealer is always a bad experience but personally never had one , women are not treated as well as men in an auto dealership. Cited Ferron ,   J., an

Monday, September 16, 2019

Effective Contract Management Essay

Sarah states that good contract management is to prevent the high cost of the contract penalty clause, should dictate each move made with a contracted entity. Part of effective contract management is developing comprehensive training programs that inform employees of the benefits of following the terms of the contract. For example, purchasing employees at Sarah’s company are informed of the various ways that an agreement with a vendor can benefit the company to save money. Without this reporting, the two sides have no way of monitoring the benefits of the agreement and developing any changes to make when the agreement comes up for renewal. Effective reporting also keeps track quantities that help both sides monitor their usage and determine when contract limits may have been met. Sarah’s company relies on contracts with suppliers to keep her business running efficiently. Shippers, vendors, and financial institutions etc. all require a high level of contract management t o maintain efficient relationships with all of them. Understanding the effect of a good contract administration is essential in business making decisions that would maximize revenues and minimize risks. A contract is drawn up to create the guidelines for a business relationship. When parties abide by the terms of a contract, the company gains from the benefits that it has to offer. But poor contract administration can cause businesses to violate terms of the contract, which can lead to penalties, fines and a potential lawsuit. Good contract management is to prevent the high cost of the contract penalty clause, should dictate each move made with a contracted entity. Part of effective contract management is developing comprehensive training programs that inform employees of the benefits of following the terms of the contract. For example, in my company the purchasing people are informed of the various ways that an agreement with a vendor can benefit the company and how it will save the company money. Without this reporting, the two sides have no way of monitoring the benefits of the agreement and developing any changes to make when the agreement comes up for renewal. Effective reporti ng also keeps track of quantities that help each side monitor their usage and determine when contract limits may have been met.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Early Black Leaders of America Essay

American History Early Black Leaders of America In history, It Is a proven fact that leader Is to lead In everything that we do In our daily lives. During the civil rights times on into the current time, there were black leaders ot America that changed the world. Many black leaders paved the way tor many of African Americans today and some died for us. Their ideas, tactics, and solutions for problems faced by blacks were significant. The three black leaders of America I will be discussing are Fredrick Douglas, Malcom X. end Martin Luther King. First, Fredrick Douglas was a prominent American abolitionist, author and orator. Born a slave, Douglass escaped at age 20 and went on to become a world-renowned antislavery activist. HIS three autobiographies are considered important works of the slave narrative tradition as well as classics of American autobiography† Douglass’ work as a reformer ranged from his abolitionist activities In the early 1840s to his attacks on Jim Crow and lynching in the 1890s. For 16 years he edited an influential black newspaper and achieved International tame as an Insplrlng and persuasive speaker and writer. In thousands of speeches and editorials, he levied a powerful indictment against slavery and racism, provided an indomitable voice of hope for his people, embraced antislavery politics and preached his own brand of American ideals. econd, Malcom x was an actlvlst and outspoken public voice of the Black Muslim faith, challenged the mainstream civil rights movement and the nonviolent pursuit of Integration championed by Martin Luther King Jr, He urged followers to defend themselves against white aggression â€Å"by any means necessary. † Malcolm became an influential leader of the Nation of Islam, which combined Islam with black nationalism and sought to encourage and enfranchise disadvantaged young blacks searching for confidence in segregated America. After Malcolm X’s death in 1965, his bestselling book The Autobiography ot Malcolm X popularized his Ideas, particularly mong black youth, and laid the foundation for the Black Power movement of the late 1960s and 1970s Last, Martin Luther King played d key role In the American clvll rights movement from the mid-1950s until his assassination in 1968. Inspired by advocates of nonviolence such as Mahatma Gandhi, King sought equality tor Atrlcan Americans, the economically disadvantaged and victims of injustice through peaceful protest. He was the driving force behind watershed events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott nd the March on Washington, which helped bring about such landmark legislation as the Civil Rights Act. The use of his mouth was his most powerful weapon and it worked well. I picked the three leaders because they were the most influential to me. These men are the Mount Rushmore’s of the black American leaders and I think they really were people to look up to. Their Ideas, tactics, and solutions worked well as we witness In nlstory. some people are Dorn to lead ana tnese tnree men were oennltely born to do that.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Legal Aspects of Criminal Justice System

Jury nullification is basically the situation wherein a certain guilty person was given the judgment â€Å"not guilty† by the set of jurors or the jury itself when that person is believed to be guilty of the crime he or she is accused of. The Jury tends to play an immoral role against his or her job which is to give justified verdict to a certain crime and thus apply an altered decision into the accused. An example of a jury nullified case is the famous case during the year 1735. This case is the trial case of John Peter Zenger charged by the former Governor of the New York Colony, William Cosby. In this case, the verdict given by the Jury to Zenger is a â€Å"not guilty verdict† wherein all the facts where given that Zenger did all the crime which he is accused of (Institute, 1992). Another case is the case of William Pen wherein he as the accused was acquitted by the set of juries. This happened in the year 1670 in London; his case was Preaching Quakerism. During this period four from the twelve chosen jurors made a non-guilty verdict which led them to spend time in prison and pay the damages they created but before they get into imprisonment, one of the judges made his plea and was able to nullify the unjust law (Institute, 1992). In the negative side of the defendant, his rights were violated because the sixth amendment says that â€Å"a defendant should not be deprived and even oppressed from his legal concerns† (FindLaw, 2008). When jury nullification occurs the defendant will be deprived from knowing what’s really happening in the court wherein the case holds his/her right to freedom. The nullification of the Jury to the case could also affect the Judge final decision about the defendant if he or she will be acquitted. Thus, the judge final judgment could henceforth be negative for the accused or the defendant because the judge may think that the defendant just influenced the Juries who voted for the accused person’s acquaintance. References FindLaw. (2008). Right to a Speedy and Public Trial [Electronic Version]. Retrieved January 16 from http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/amendment06/02.html.             Legal Aspects of Criminal Justice System Felony Disfranchisement is a process in which a convicted criminal lose his or her rights and property. It is also considered as â€Å"civil death†, whereby these persons would lose all rights and claim to property, including the right to vote. The felony disenfranchisement law was first implemented way back in ancient Romans and Greeks. Deprivation the convict’s right, confiscation of private properties and exposure to death are consequence of having a felony record during the earlier times. The Englishman gave birth to the disfranchisement of offenders in America. Nowadays, only three states in America continue to impose felony disfranchisement and the illegibility to vote to all citizens with a felony record which are states of Iowa, Kentucky, and Virginia. Conviction with felony record has its own consequence merely different from the felony disfranchisement implementation in earlier times. Today, felonies don’t have the right to vote, serve on a jury or even hold a position in the government which makes them different from an ordinary people, the lowest of the citizens. The implantation of felony disfranchisement is one of the political anomalies in America or even in other countries. As we all know, voting is a not only a privilege but a right that any man wants to exercise.  The United States Government eliminates constraints on voting whether by court or legislative action. The citizens convicted by felony are the only few who can not exercise their voting rights during elections (Rockville, 1986). Most of the pro – disfranchisement are arguing that giving the ex-felons a right to vote may serve as a risk in the society since an election process is a essential activity for the development of a state.  Pro – disfranchisement cited some problems that may occur when a offender is given a right to cast a vote. They say that it may harm the law if changed, voter fraud may occur or the â€Å"purity† of ballots may be affected (cited in Human rights Watch). These reasons are some of those who make the ex-felons unrightfully voters. A good example of a convicted felon was Richardson v. Ramirez who was barred from voting without violating the Fourteenth Amendment. Richardson v. Ramirez leaves open a valid claim that the unequal enforcement of disfranchisement laws is unconstitutional. Plaintiffs argued that California counties’ different interpretations of â€Å"infamous crime† meant that the law was unequally applied. The U.S. Supreme Court sent the case back to the California Supreme Court to decide this issue, but before it could rule, California changed its law (Brennan 2007). A guy named Baker v. Pataki from New York City was a very good example of â€Å"purposeful racial discrimination† having him convicted by felony. A mixed Afro-American Latino challenged New York’s federal court who denied the votes of several felony offenders, in prison or on parole. He said that these act is merely against the Voting Rights Act 1968 since it has a disproportionate racial impact. The lower court however dismissed the case reasoning that the U.S Supreme court in Richardson v. Ramirez upheld the disfranchisement law. They also found that Voting Rights Act did not apply to such laws. The effect of felony disfranchisement law has been drastically implemented in the past century since there are increasing numbers of criminals that are sentenced by felony; they are sent to prison and stay there for a long time. Voting is a right, and equal right must be given to a citizen even if he or she was an offender of the law. Issues in racial discrimination and human rights must take into consideration. References Human Rights Watch and the Sentencing Project (October 1998). Losing the vote: the impact of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   felony disenfranchisement laws in the united states. Retrieved January 17, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.hrw.org/reports98/vote/ Westat, Inc. (December 1986). Historical corrections statistics in the united states.                                                                                                         

Friday, September 13, 2019

Heat and the Kinetic theory of matter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Heat and the Kinetic theory of matter - Essay Example From the very basics of what employs the chemical subject, it is imperative that all chemistry students develop a deep understanding of what is the kinetic theory of matter and how it is particularly influenced by changes in the heat and temperature around the substances that are being examined as practical objects. The most understanding decisive factor about understanding all of this is by comprehending the fact of exactly what heat is and how it potentially operates. Heat on with reference to (Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational Corporation. (1989). what is heat?) is the amount of thermal energy that is being possessed by all and every matter established in the universe. To be technically precise the universe as we have come to know is made up of molecules and atoms that are in constant random motion or they fundamentally vibrate about their fixed position causing a stir up in the heat generated or more precisely causing an increase in the thermal energy of their employed surroundings. Thermal energy as being energy is measured in joules and due to the free flowing nature of matter pertaining to the everlasting vibration and motion of atoms and molecules is also passed from one particular body to another and this transfer of thermal energy is known as the exo/endo thermic processes involving the heat transfer of objects. In these cause of events, either endothermic or exothermic there is always a shift in the thermal energy gained or lost by one isolated object to another or vice versa. Generally speaking endothermic and exothermic reactions account on the comparison of heat gained or lost to the surroundings as the environment helps keep one end of the deal at constant r.t.p. (room temperature and pressure) helping in determining which reactions are more active than others. Let us now take a very common example regarding a much general chemistry case that involves either exothermic or endothermic reactions. On significant terms endothermic reactions are rather slow in nature generally than exothermic reactions and hence they ought to have a more time consuming practical approach. Photosynthesis, the using of sunlight in making food for the plant by the plant is an active example of how endothermic reactions occur. Definitive terminology puts endothermic reactions clas sify these as processes in which heat or thermal energy is taken from the surrounds and transferred into the reaction mixture or let us say that thermal energy is gained hence causing a flow in heat from one object to another while decisively in a exothermic reaction such as mixture of sodium chloride to create a salt NaCl is a much faster chemical reaction but in such reactions thermal energy is lost from the reaction mixture into the surrounds i.e. to say that heat, unlike the endothermic reactions, is transferred from the reaction mixture to the surrounds. I personally believe that the study of heat and matter is relatively one of the larger branches of study in the chemistry subject but as so much to this thesis I clearly see that heat and how it is manipulated is been thoroughly achieved through this literature. Moving on to what potentially temperature might be, well temperature on account of Sullivan, N. (2007) is the average heat or thermal energy in a substance. Unlike ther mal energy temperature has more focus on a number

Thursday, September 12, 2019

International Business Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Business Master - Case Study Example Customers are not just people outside a corporation. It can be the people at the upper crust of an organization, or the employees. In fact, Mountain Equipment Co-op's customers are also the members (part-owners) of the co-op. Since the market for the co-op's products is unique, it needs to ensure quality, which increase value of the product for the customer. Therefore, the co-op uses extreme care to select its range of products to be manufactured. It wants the suppliers to provide products that are both functional and durable. Furthermore, the co-op offers a lifetime guarantee of its products to make the customers feel that the maintenance of the equipment is the duty of Mountain Equipment Co-op. This increases value for the customer because the customer no longer has to worry about the cost of repair of the equipment. Furthermore, the co-op also offers its members to trade their equipment online or through attending a seasonal trade session (n.d.). Moreover, the co-op values human r ights and business practices in the light of ethics. It continuously strives to protect human rights by inspecting factories where its products are manufactured. Inspection involves working conditions, worker benefits, and worker pay. Since the customers really value fair business, the co-op utilizes this opportunity to satisfy its members by giving a portion of their sales revenue to human rights groups. The co-op also uses an environmentally safe heating and air-conditioning system at its Ottawa outlet, indicating the co-op growing concerns about the environment. Moreover, the co-op continues to provide exceptional service to its customers through training. As mentioned before, this is a unique market and new outdoor freaks might not know how to use the equipment. This is an added value for the product because the customer knows that training would be provided to utilize the product to its fullest. The co-op is also using support activities to increase its member tally and revenue . For example, the co-op is constantly monitoring latest technology in the industry to develop the most advanced products, high quality products, and environmentally safe products. The most important value activity which the co-op uses is the power of its members to have a say in the co-op's operations and running. The co-op has 2.5 million members who are part-owners of the company, and have a say at the company's meeting. This activity attracts potential members and customers, and they can run the co-op according to what satisfies their needs. Q2: What is the co-op's generic strategy Describe it. Mountain Equipment Co-op generic strategy is the cost strategy. Mountain Equipment Co-op aims to achieve growth through a series of cost cutting measures and cost reductions. Firstly, Mountain Equipment Co-op has a loyal customer base, and they use this strong factor to bargain for reasonable prices from suppliers. Due to the high bargaining power of the co-op, suppliers have to give in. Furthermore, the mountain co-op has a small workforce. It strives to keep a small workforce through the concept of self-service at its outlets. This way, even the limited number of employees is happy because the co-op

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

A CRITIQUE OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE FROM A PROFESSIONAL JOURNAL Essay

A CRITIQUE OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE FROM A PROFESSIONAL JOURNAL - Essay Example In this assignment, this reviewer will critically review a research article from a professional journal (Baldwin, K. M., & Nail, L. M., 2000). The purpose of any critical review is better understanding and learning so new knowledge is build. Moreover, critical thinking is an important acumen for the present day healthcare professionals where professional standards need to be updated in order to provide clients with the best possible care based on evidence (Fink, A., 1998). Healthcare research has advanced keeping pace with the advancement of modern technology guided healthcare practice, and the best evidence can be obtained from the professional medical journals. The most interesting fact is that evidence from professional journals from research articles needs to be gleaned with critical examination of the facts, findings, and reasoning presented there (Bailey, D. , 1997). In other words, the facts presented in a scientific research must be questioned in order to establish the logic of the findings presented there. This can be only done by a systematic review of the article in light of the theoretical paradigms of research methodology that establishes the strength and power of the findings that can serve as evidence (White S & Stracombe J., 2003). Therefore, this author has chosen an article from a journal that is related to her practice and expects that critically reviewing this article would serve to provide evidence that can be utilized in practice in order to upgrade it. The process of evidence-based practice is dependent on the theoretical framework that clinical decisions are as far as possible informed by current research evidence (Sterling,Y. M., 2001). Critical review converts the process of seeking information from research into a series of clear questions that need to be answered clearly, so the truthfulness and usefulness of the research in practice can

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of learning Essay

Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of learning principles that sustain and maintain it.DISCUSS this statement - Essay Example In the wider perspective, maladaptive behaviour has been discussed from different viewpoints such as biological, psychological, and socio-cultural perspectives, and these viewpoints stress the significance of causal factors of this behaviour. Significantly, the Freudian psychoanalytic theory is the oldest psychological point of view about maladaptive behaviour and it was, for a long time, preoccupied with principles regarding libidinal energies and their suppression. Later on, the behaviourist theorists also came with their viewpoints about maladaptive behaviour and they formulated several principles to explain this characteristic in human beings. â€Å"The behavioural perspective focuses on the role of learning in human behaviour and attributes maladaptive behaviour either to failure to learn appropriate behaviour or to the learning of maladaptive behaviours. Adherents of the behavioural viewpoint attempt to alter maladaptive behaviour by extinguishing it and/or providing training in new, more adaptive behaviours.† (Carson, Butcher, Mineka, and Hooley, 2000, P. 105). Therefore, it is fundamental to comprehend that maladaptive behaviour is explained by different psychological schools in different ways. For example, Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of learning principles that sustain and maintain it. This paper makes a reflective exploration of the behaviourist principles concerning maladaptive behaviour in order to maintain that the behaviourist’s approach therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic (Freudian) approach. PART ONE: Behaviourist Principles and Maladaptive Behaviour The behaviourist approach to abnormality deals with maladaptive behaviour and its basic causes. According to this approach, the maladaptive forms of behaviour that have been learnt by an individual are the basic causes of mental disorders. In other words, the behaviourist viewpoint of abnormality maintains that the learning process in human behavio ur plays a significant role in the acquisition of maladaptive behaviour. The Behaviourists argue that mental disorders are due to â€Å"a complex of learned, inappropriate behaviours, or the absence of appropriate behaviour sequences. In the first instance, behaviour is termed ‘maladaptive’†¦ Further, the rules of acquisition of maladaptive behaviour are no different than the rules of acquisition of adaptive sequences.† (Medcof, Emslie, Roth, 1979, P. 264). In their provocative explanation of abnormal behaviour, the behaviourists emphasizes on how a particular maladaptive sequence is learned, because they believe that the maladaptive behaviour can be removed only by comprehending the specific conditions underlying the behaviour. Thus, the behaviourist approach makes use of the learning theory which incorporates the theories of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In a reflective exploration of the behavioural model of abnormality, it becomes luci d that this psychological theory emphasizes the role of learning in the acquisition of maladaptive behaviour. In other words, the behaviourists maintain that the human actions are determined mainly by the life experiences of the individuals, and the role of the unconscious forces or the underlying forces is largely limited. According to the behavioural

Monday, September 9, 2019

International Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Business - Assignment Example Wal-Mart is the leading entity in retail business globally. It commenced operations in mid-1950s in Arkansas. Later, the entity expanded on a national level then on a global level. The entity seeks to offer the lowest prices in the market. Consequently, the entity attracts enormous clientele. The attractive pricing offered by this entity has priced out the other competitors since the clientele seek to maximise their purchasing power. Wal-Mart’s enormous revenues and stringent cost management have allowed the entity to avail their merchandise at reduced prices. The entity has presence in most regions globally. Nonetheless, the entity has not taped into the Middle East market. The entry of Wal-Mart into this market will alter the dynamics of the retail sector. Wal-Mart’s entry into the UAE market will require proper strategizing. Such strategizing is imperative for a venture of this magnitude. Ill-advised ventures primarily culminate in failure and losses. It is crucial t o make decisions pertaining to ventures on credible information to avoid such a scenario. My knowledge on the dynamics of the UAE economy will assist me in advising Wal-Mart management appropriately. Additionally, the location of retail store will have a considerable implication on the revenues of the entity.rt. Consequently, I will provide the management of Wal-Mart with strategic locations that will enable the entity attract enormous clientele. The above details elaborate some of my roles in the matching and networking of Wal-Mart. Objective of joint venture or strategic alliance Joint ventures denote a business founded on an accord between various individuals. The accord elaborates the input of each party in the venture (Gutterman, 2002). The accord elaborates how long the agreement binds the parties. In this scenario, Wal-Mart will require information on the market and store. As a party in the joint venture, I will provide stores located strategically across UAE. A strategic all iance is cooperation that aims at accomplishing specific objectives. An example of a strategic alliance is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) where the parties involved aimed at securing their nations against military adversaries. In the above case, Wal-Mart aims to boost its revenues via expansion into new market. Similarly, I aim at boosting my income by renting my store to a client that will offer better returns (Frank, 2006). Scope of business This joint venture relates to the retail industry. The prospects of the industry are enormous. The UAE population has generally high income. Consequently, the citizenry have substantial income that they can expend. Conclusively, the market in this nation has immense potential that is unexploited. Additionally, UAE’s retail market lacks a dominant entity. As such, the market is distributed equally among the key players in the sector. This signifies that Wal-Mart can enter the market and attain dominance. Wal-Mart can domin ate retailing since it offers lower prices. Reduced pricing is an aspect of the firm that

Analysis of Jean Watson's Transpersonal Caring Theory Essay

Analysis of Jean Watson's Transpersonal Caring Theory - Essay Example An in-depth analysis of the Jean Watson’s theory suggests that it promotes the worldview of pragmatism rather than realism. This can be estimated from the fact that realists consider reality independent of human mind. To realists, reality is what happens in the world of physics. Realism is more about technicality and science than spirituality or sociology. On the other hand, pragmatism is more concerned with the sociological side of the picture. Pragmatism promotes the belief that humans can make a difference by manipulating things in the right manner. To pragmatists, reality is what is experienced. Reality changes as experiences change. Thus, we can improve our experiences by applying theory into practice. Pragmatism essentially links theory to practice and this is indeed, the crux of Jean Watson’s theory. According to Watson, nursing is â€Å"a human science of persons and human health—illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific , esthetic, and ethical human care transactions† Nurses can use Jean Watson’s theory as a guide to learn what kind of interpersonal skills are fundamental to the building up of their rapport with the patients. In order to inculcate the theoretical principles into their practice, nurses need to identify the elements Watson has stressed upon. There are three primary elements of the Jean Watson’s theory, which include the carative factors, the occasion of caring, and the transpersonal caring relationship (Cara, n.d.). ... To pragmatists, reality is what is experienced. Reality changes as experiences change. Thus, we can improve our experiences by applying theory into practice. Pragmatism essentially links theory to practice and this is indeed, the crux of Jean Watson’s theory. According to Watson, nursing is â€Å"a human science of persons and human health—illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic, and ethical human care transactions† (Watson, 1988, p. 54). Thus, Jean Watson’s theory is based upon the worldview of pragmatism. How can nurses use Jean Watson’s Theory to further nursing knowledge in practice? Nurses can use Jean Watson’s theory as a guide to learn what kind of interpersonal skills are fundamental to the building up of their rapport with the patients. In order to inculcate the theoretical principles into their practice, nurses need to identify the elements Watson has stressed upon. There are three prima ry elements of the Jean Watson’s theory, which include the carative factors, the occasion of caring, and the transpersonal caring relationship (Cara, n.d.). Watson has discussed carative factors in order to distinguish them from the conventional curative factors. Watson believes that the curative factors are meant to â€Å"honor the human dimensions of nursing’s work and the inner life world and subjective experiences of the people we serve† (Watson, 1997, p. 50). Nursing occasion is any occasion in which a nurse encounters a patient with a need of human caring. The transpersonal caring relationship is a human care relationship which is influenced by a nurse’s commitment towards her job and her moral understanding of the nursing practice. In order to integrate the nursing knowledge into the nursing practice,

Sunday, September 8, 2019

The Empowerment of People from a Vulnerable Segment of Society Essay

The Empowerment of People from a Vulnerable Segment of Society - Essay Example I would like to reach the highest level of professional excellence, both in terms of gaining knowledge and experience and at the same time, gaining appropriate status. My short term objectives are to gain experience in the field and strive to establish a good reputation as a person with an innovative and progressive approach towards the welfare of society. My focus would be on the empowerment of people from a vulnerable segment of society. Hence, efforts would include the creation of facilitating a platform for the acquisition of skills and necessary knowledge for their professional growth. University education has made me well equipped to meet the challenges of the current time. I am a highly creative person and my degree has further facilitated and widened my area of knowledge that would greatly help me to apply the informed choices in the manner that befits the needs of the people. Hence, five years hence, I see myself as a CSR consultant who would be devising ways and means for t he global businesses to fulfil their corporate social responsibilities. Last but not the least important would be the adoption of reflective practices in my personal and professional arenas. Looking back at our actions and critically assessing them provides an opportunity to improve and improvise the working techniques. In the professional arena, the feedback from the peer population and colleagues give important insight into the flaws of the methodologies adopted and give us a valuable chance to develop professionally. Thus, reflective practice in my personal and professional life would continuously help me to grow in the fast evolving environment of competitive business dynamics.

Saturday, September 7, 2019

Comparing Poems Essay Example for Free

Comparing Poems Essay Identity is different for every person, it is what separates us all and makes us unique. Identity can be split into many categories. In the poem Nothings Changed, segregation is used to show us the poets feelings whereas Half-Caste is mainly focused on racial equality.  Each of the poets structure their poems in ways that express their feelings and ideas about identity; the differences in each vary. Half-Caste consists of 4 stanzas, written with a lack of punctuation and in patois dialect that allows the reader the freedom to express the poem in a way that they wish. Also, the haphazard, informal way that the poem is written suggests it should be read aloud. This reflects John Agards strive for freedom. The phrase, Explain yuself/wha yu mean/when yu say half-caste, is a refrain. This refrain is repeated throughout the poem to question the reader. It is an aggressive confrontation between the reader and the poet that elicits an answer from the reader. Nothings Changed is written formally so that the poet can express a controlled anger. Segregation is used to show the separate identities of blacks and whites. It is set out in 7 stanzas. The formal punctuation and structure is very organised which makes the poem seem like a story. Language is used to a dramatic effect in both poems, it reveals the poets ideas about identity. Firstly, in Half-Caste there is a pun of the half-caste weather, yu mean when light an shadow/mix in de sky/is a half-caste weather/, this play on words mocks the phrase half-caste which emphasises the poets feelings about a half-caste identity. In Nothings Changed, throughout the first stanza there is a series of onomatopoeias that give the reader the image of a man walking in a baron place. The mood of the poet is very much reflected in the language of Half-Caste and portrays the image of anger, confusion and annoyance. An example of this language is: Ah listening to yu wid de keen/half of mih earwhy I offer yu half-a-hand. This gives the reader the representation of a ridiculous happening, which is disrespectful to the opposing person. Nothings Changed also shares a similar mood of anger and frustration. The poet writes:  and the skin about my bones/and  the soft labouring of my lungs,  /and the hot, white, inwards  turning/anger of my eyes.  This includes within it repetition, powerful, angry words and references to body parts that identify the persons feeling of a painful anger. The poets use language to reveal their feelings about identity in both similar and different ways. They both project anger and confusion about the attitude of todays society knowing that equality is not present. In Nothings Changed the poet writes:  Hands burn/for a stone, a bomb,  /to shiver down the glass. /  Nothings Changed.  This begins with a metaphor; Hands burn which shows the person is feeling angry. The words a bomb,/to shiver down the glass. Are extremely effective as the glass acts as a symbolic barrier between colours and to shiver down this glass would be to break the differences/barriers between people of different colours. The poem ends with Nothings Changed, which basically sums the whole theory up: there always has been and always will be inequality within the world. This is similar to Half-Caste because throughout this poem John Agard is saying that people have no respect for each other and never will. He hopes though by saying but yu must come back tomorrowde other half/of my story that one day the prejudice might be put aside and people will come back with a better attitude towards each other. The identities that both poets show to reveal their feelings are similar because they both feel as though they have been victimized. The similarity is that in Half-Caste the man emphasises his thoughts by expanding things out of proportion to prove a point: Ah listening to yu wid de keen/half of mih earwhy I offer yu half-a-hand, and in Nothings Changed the person also takes things and changes them into something worse. An example of this is when it says whites only inn/No sign says it is:/but we know where we belong. This is saying that the restaurant is only for rich, white people even though he knows there isnt a sign saying so (He knows that if he goes in he will be laughed at). Both poems are similar also because they are based on black people being discriminated against by white. Both of these poems were very interesting and presented me with a question, which was how could I break down the barriers people have to make them better people? The poem I favoured was Nothings Changed because it was easier to picture as a story and I feel that the majority of people have felt like an outsider at least once in their life. Half-Caste did bring a strong point across but I believe that it was brought across in a bizarre and confusing way whereas Nothings Changed was easier to relate to from a past event.