Infant Learning Brain Development Essay - 1098 Words

INFANT LEARNING Infant learning and brain development is fragile and contingent upon numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The most critical time frame for infant brain development is from the second trimester to the first three months of life (Marshall, 2011). During this time, neural pathways are forming, areas of the brain are maturing, and brain development is rapid. From infancy until the age of 3 years, neural pathways are still being formed in response to stimulation and for this reason, it is extremely important for caregivers and parents to be aware of the many factors that can influence brain development in infants (Marshall, 2011). Popular Psychology Common beliefs regarding infant learning tend to focus on the issue of†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the rapidly developing cognitive functions of infants necessitate even more rapid and consistent sleep cycles to foster their learning. Sleep plays a role in the memory consolidation process when the baby is awake. It has not yet been determined if infants can learn while asleep (Tarullo, Balsam Fifer, 2011). Environmental Factors Among the many environmental factors that can affect infant learning, prenatal cigarette exposure has proven to be a topic of interest in behavioral teratology due to the large number of health effects it is associated with. Some of the health effects of prenatal cigarette exposure include: lower birth weight, smaller head circumference, lower IQ, attention dysfunction, hyperactivity and other conduct problems, as well as school failure (Mezzacappa, E., 2011, p. 881-891). There are some human studies that investigate the cognitive deficits related to prenatal cigarette exposure which include: auditory, visual attention, and working memory issues. Social Development Gazing plays a central role in the social and cognitive development of a child. It is documented that from the age of 3 months, a child will begin to develop perceptual learning. An example of this hypothesis was tested with an actor holding a stuffed kitten in front a 1 year old. The 1 year old stared at the kitten longer, therefore the infant’s desire for what the actor was holding caused the infant to interpret the actor’s behavior asShow MoreRelatedParental Influence On Children s Cognitive Development1260 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: The following literature review contains different articles that support how relevant is parental influence on their children’s cognitive development. Since a child is born, parents play such an important role in their children’s cognitive development, that failing at doing the proper steps of assuring a correct development in their children affects their children’s academic success in life. Parents could make their children’s future goals achievable or almost impossible, and trace theRead MoreFetal Brain Development and the Preterm Infant1554 Words   |  6 PagesFETAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND THE PRETERM INFANT 2 NORMAL FETAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Embryonic brain development begins a few weeks after conception through the processes known as gastrulation and neurulation (Gilbert, 2000). During gastrulation the embryo changes from a simple group of cells to a multi-layered organism. Three germ layers are formed during this process: the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm (Gilbert, 2000). The endoderm is the most inner layer and forms the lining of internalRead MoreThe, The Very Hungry Caterpillar, Wheres Spot?1694 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch studies suggest that reading aloud to infants and toddlers has positive impacts on their brain development. According to the U.S. Department of Education, â€Å"Children develop much of their capacity for learning in the first three years of life, when their brains grow to 90 percent of their eventual adult weight† (Start Early, Finish Strong). Seeing that the most substantial brain development occurs during the first three years of life, infants and toddlers should be frequently rea d aloud toRead MoreArticle Review : School Readiness For Infants And Toddlers1076 Words   |  5 PagesReadiness for Infants and Toddlers? Really? Yes, Really!† (Petersen, 2012) demonstrated an interesting point of view to consider for upcoming early childhood educators and teachers. Sandra Petersen, MA a writer and a teacher in the early childhood field have coauthored three early childhood textbooks. She focuses mainly on the infants and toddlers and expresses the importance of having a strong developing brain. With that in mind if children were to have a strong start in their development the brain thenRead MoreEssay Infant Language Development 1662 Words   |  7 Pagescan be inferred through studying linguistic development in children and the cognitive and communicative abilities of primates as discussed by Bridgeman (2003). This essay illustrates the skills infants have that will eventually help them to acquire language. The topics covered are firstly, the biological as pects, the contribution of the human brain to language development? Secondly, key theories of language development will be considered. Is the development innate? Is there a critical period? ThirdlyRead MoreInfancy and Early Childhood Development Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesInfancy and Early Childhood Development Samantha Trudeau PSY/375 June 27, 2011 Heather Harrison Infancy and Early Childhood Development An infant’s brain is something quite similar to a blank video tape. During infancy the child records everything he or she sees and hears. The things that are recorded are stored for later use in life. The way that people behave with the infant as an individual and a family greatly impacts the development of the infant. It is for this reason that itRead MoreThe Elasticity Of Babies And Children s Brains979 Words   |  4 Pages Infants have an incredible mind in that they have the ability to learn and master a language in a relatively quick matter of time. The elasticity of babies and children’s brains is remarkable. It has been quite astonishing to watch my eleven month old niece grow and learn as she studies the things that my family and I say and do. She understands a range of words and sentences even though she is not able to actually articulate them yet. Soon she will be going from a blabbering mumbo jumbo speakingRead More Brain Development in Children Essa y547 Words   |  3 Pagesthe past decade have allowed scientists to study the brain in ways that have led to new understanding about how young children develop. There is a new understanding of both the capabilities and the vulnerabilities of infants and young children and that understanding is has influenced the work of caregivers and teachers. During pregnancy, the basic architecture of the brain is formed. Although, certain experiences do influence the developing brain during pregnancy, such as maternal health and stressRead MoreInnateness of Children’s Language Acquisition1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe subtlety of language acquisition has been the most fundamental question in the study of linguistics and human development. From Bow-wow Theory to Yo-He-Ho Theory, major theories on the origins and learnability of language have emerged in mid-20th century and heavily debated ever since. Among them, the idea of universal grammar in which is usually credited to linguist Noam Chomsky, remains the most notable and controversial theory over time. He introduced and developed the theory from 1950s toRead MoreThe subtlety of language acquisition has been the most fundamental question in the study of1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe subtlety of language acquisition has been the most fundamental question in the study of linguistics and human development. From Bow-wow Theory to Yo-He-Ho Theory, the major theories on language origins and learnability emerged at mid-20th century and has been heavily debated ever since. Among them, the idea of universal grammar in which is usually credited to linguist Noam Chomsky, remains the most notable and controversial theory over time. He introduced and developed the t heory from 1950s

Different Types Of Leadership Styles - 935 Words

1. Successful leaders typically have the same characteristics; they are dependable, competent, loyal, supportive and they set the example for everyone to see. I think every successful leader follows this philosophy whether they realize it or not. I have worked for several leaders throughout my 21 plus year career and I have seen all different types of leadership styles. I have learned something from every leader I have worked for, whether they were a great leader who I wanted to emulate later on in my career, or the leader that I swore I would never be like. We learn from everyone that we work for, good or bad. 2. Giving positive feedback to people for a job well done is something that is very easy for me to do. I go out of my way to let people know when I think they are doing a good job and publicly recognizing them for their accomplishments. I do my absolute best to the set the example for what I expect out of the people I work with. However, the area that I need to work on the most is â€Å"asking for feedback on how my actions affect other people’s performance.† I believe I can improve upon this characteristic with more communication with my workforce. Actively listening to my members when change is being made and understanding the implications of my decisions is important and it should have some influence on the decisions being made. 3. During my Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) survey, I received feedback from members of my current unit on leadership traitsShow MoreRelatedDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1127 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence, goals, and people is what leadership has been built off of creating variations of different types of leadership traits and styles. Leadership is simply defined as the ability to impact people to obtain a certain goal or accomplishment. In any type of business or corporation, leadership is an overall activity that is only distinctive among people within an organization. Uncertainty is a variation that come with a leadership role. This variation makes a leader a quick thinker and valuesRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles976 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper discusses different type of leadership styles. Servant leadership is a leadership that was discovered by Robert K. Greenleaf. Greenleaf founds some key tools on how individuals can serve and be leaders at t he same time while being effective. Many organization use this theory in their organizations rather it’s for- profit or non- profit. It will be explored on how organizations use this theory and how it works for them as well as what leadership style is used for my particular organizationRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1718 Words   |  7 Pageskinds of leadership styles used to facilitate the actions of others. Mirriam-Webster.com defines leadership as â€Å"a position as a leader of a group, organization, etc†. Another more inclusive definition regarding the leading role is â€Å"managers motivating employees, directing their activities, selecting the most effective communication channels, or resolving conflicts among members† (Robbins, Judge, 2013). If a company or organization suffers from poor, none, or the wrong leadership styles, everyoneRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1799 Words   |  8 PagesLeadership Styles Different leadership styles There are many different types of leadership styles that are adjusted to suit different roles of jobs. All leadership styles have a direct reasoning to provide direction, as well as motivating individuals. Authoritarian Leadership (also known as autocratic) has a high level of control. It empowers people to follow the directions given. It is frequently considered a classic leadership style and is used when the leader wants to take as much control asRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1288 Words   |  6 Pagesthorough research work in how they define leadership and leadership behavior. Leadership students and researchers have described many different types of leadership styles. The democratic and autocratic leadership styles are just two of the most prominent leadership styles that have been identified in leadership literatures. In 1939, a group of researchers led by psychologist Kurt Lewin decided to identify the different types of leadership styles that exist in the modern world. This earlyRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles868 Words   |  4 PagesBeing an effective manager means knowing when to use the right management style. The six management styles are coaching, strategic, laissez- faire, bureaucratic, autocratic, and democratic. Managers have to perform many roles in an organization and knowing how they would handle difficult situations will depend on their style of management. The purpose of the paper is to understand a little about all the management styles and then which one best fits my personality and how it should be handled. BeingRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1330 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Leadership? Why are there so many types of Leadership? Which one is the right one? These are all important questions people who are trying to lead ask. John Maxwell a well -known author on leadership stated simply â€Å"Leadership is influence†. There are numerous types of leadership styles, they all have their strong points about them, and depending who you are the circumstances can dictate which type of person with what type of leadership style will be successful. In this paper I will discussRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leaders And Styles Of Leadership1590 Words   |  7 Pagesobligation to be a leader (Dufour, Marzano, 2011). Leadership defined by Owen (2002) is, â€Å"A journey of discovery. It is the expression of a person at his or her best whose aim is to transform something for the better and to develop this potential in others. It is not a solitary pursuit but one that harnesses the energy of those around you. Leadership is a process in which leaders and followers engage to achieve mutual goals. Prentice (2004) defines leadership as the accomplishment of a goal through theRead MoreEssay about different types of leadership styles9138 W ords   |  37 Pages 3. Among the different types of leadership styles, which style would be suitable to a democratic country like India to become superpower in business? Justify your answer. LEADERSHIP The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers. To gain followers requires influence but doesnt exclude the lack of integrity in achieving this. Indeed, it can be argued that several of the worlds greatest leaders have lacked integrity and have adopted values that would not be shared by manyRead MoreTypes Of Leadership Traits And Effective Leadership Styles That Will Be Best For Different Situations Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesothers. A true leader is one who has the power, passion, and ability to guide others in the right direction. Leadership is having the control and will power to direct any group of people towards a common goal. There are several types of leadership traits and effective leadership styles that will be best for different situations. If leadership was easy, everyone would be doing it. Leadership requires more than just a few hopeful words and promises. It takes passionate and knowledgeable individuals

The Education System Of The 21st Century - 1083 Words

In the 21st century, many American students are wondering why they are even going to college at all, which begs to question, what is the purpose of education in the 21st century. As with any big question, there are multiple takes on the higher education system in America. Walter Kirn, a Princeton Alumni, describes education as a â€Å"meritocracy,† where those with merit, or wealth in this case, can rise to the top, in a personal narrative – Lost in the Meritocracy - describing what education in the 21st century is. His experiences show us the life of an Ivy Leaguer in modern times, which is very different from the common portrayal of an Ivy League student. Kirn’s experiences and life at Princeton comically contradict his own university’s mission statement, while still highlighting the pressure put on Ivy League students with â€Å"an aptitude for showing aptitude† (Kirn 143) Kirn’s narrative shows the flaws and cracks in higher education, cr acks that Liz Coleman – former president of Bennington College – believes call for a reform of liberal arts education. In her TedTalk, Coleman shows us how to get education back to its roots, or what it should be. Using rhetorical devices created by Aristotle, pathos, appealing to emotion; ethos, appealing to expertise; or logos, appealing to logic; Kirn, Coleman, and various universities are able to convince the reader of their point of view. Whether it is the images of a broken education system, or the idealistic dreams of the universitiesShow MoreRelatedThe Problems With The 21st Century Education System1343 Words   |  6 PagesAll around the world, people are trying to better education. New national standards are placed and standardized tests are becoming more difficult. As a current student in high school, with twelve years of an education background in the modern day school, I believe there are many problems with the 21st century education system. Two problems being, creativity is not fostered in schools and the most important thing to students is their GPA. Imagine living in a world, where creativity does not existRead MoreThe Program For International Student Assessment1193 Words   |  5 Pagesaction to improve its science and technology education, President Obama recognized that our education system must be improved. In 1957 the Soviet Union became the first nation to launch the world’s first satellite into orbit. Prior to the launch of Sputnik, the United States was complacent in its â€Å"number one† mentality—the Sputnik launch shattered that we were lagging behind the USSR in science and technology. Fast forward to the current state of education in the United State; the PISA report wasRead MoreThe Nature Of Teaching And Learning1682 Words   |  7 Pagesattributes considered necessary for life, study and work in the 21st Century. This report builds on that foundation by examining how to assess 21st centu ry competencies. The Queensland Curriculum’s Assessment Authority (QCAA) recommendation 18 states that in its specified assessments processes a greater focus on skills and attributes now being identified in senior secondary curricula as essential to life and work in the 21st Century (for example, teamwork, problem solving, creativity, verbal communication)Read MoreTechnology Is A Tool For Aid For Learning And Education1726 Words   |  7 Pagesaid in learning and education. There is a realization that the current educational system is falling behind in the modern world. With today’s technology-driven and interconnected world, a learning environment can be online, remote, virtual; in other words, it doesn’t really have to be a place at all. Maybe a better way of thinking is that, a 21st century learning environment is a support system in which humans learn best. Since we can’t predict how technologies and education will evolve, the environmentRead MoreThe Importance Of Competencies For The 21st Century981 Words   |  4 Pages21st Century Skills The importance of competencies for the 21st century has led to fundamental questions about to what extent we provide the necessary knowledge base for children and youth to be competent in contemporary and future societies (Voogt et al., 2013). It is obvious that not only learners, but also teachers need to acquire 21st century competencies as well as become competent in supporting 21st century learning. Teachers need to be prepared for new pedagogical approaches that fit theRead MoreTeaching And Learning Of The 21st Century1098 Words   |  5 Pages Teaching and learning in the 21st century Introduction Things are changing in this modern society at an epidemic rate. The world is starting to become much more interconnected and technology is constantly changing the world. We now live in an increasingly different, globalized, and complicated media saturated culture. So this Technological overthrow will have a greater change in education. Our students are facing many difficulties like increased population, climate changeRead MoreCritical Thinking And Problem Solving Skills1648 Words   |  7 PagesCritical thinking and problem solving skills have epitomised education throughout history. As time has passed; the education system has become increasingly complex with the integration of learning theories, pedagogies, transformative learning spaces, behavioural management and most importantly; the evolution and role of technology. Learners within the 21st Century are experiencing an education where they are taught to collaboratively communicate and construct new understandings, while acquiri ng higherRead MoreSocial Change And The 21st Century Classroom1464 Words   |  6 PagesWhile 21st Century learning and teaching is always changing, it is as dynamic as the world around us. There are many factors including globalisation, social change and technology, which are driving changes in education, with a variety of positive and negative impacts on teaching and learning in the 21st Century. With ongoing changes in teaching practices, which in turn changes the attitudes of today’s teachers and learners. A 21st century classroom is a productive environment where the teachers areRead MoreClassroom Is Not The Classroom Of Yesterday1050 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology needs to account for the unique needs of all of our students and opportunities to make lessons more accessible to all learners. Technology can also provide multiple opportunities for feedback and assessment, which should be grounded in education as a process of life-long learning. Integrating technology ac ross the curriculum is the new direction and should be grounded in the discussion on essential skills and key learning competencies. To understand the need for integration, one can lookRead MoreTeacher s Role Of 21st Century : Personal Debate - Module / Week 51385 Words   |  6 PagesTeacher’s Role in 21st Century: Personal Debate - Module/Week 5 The purpose of this paper is to fulfill the assignment objectives by clarifying the characteristics of a 21st century teacher, and considering them against the characteristics of the â€Å"traditional† teacher. The writing will the work to evaluate whether the role of teachers in the 21st century is changing and if so, whether â€Å"traditional† teachers versus those considered to be equipped with 21st century skills are going to be more or less

Factors Affecting Labor Demand-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the factors associated with the labor demand and supply in the context of Australia Post. Answer: Introduction Workforce and employee development are the major two parts of any business as the entire success of a business depend on it. In Australia improvement in labor market condition took place between the year 2015 to 2016 (Jobs.gov.au, 2018). During this year a strong growth in employment has been noticed in Australian labor market. This growth is due to the enhancement of part-time employment in Australian labor market. From June 2015 the unemployment rate in Australian began decreasing, which highlights the development on labor market. However, before 2015 there was a huge issue in Australian labor market as the unemployment rate was high. Official unemployment became increased by 6.4%. This condition was improved from June 2015. This study deals with the factors affecting labor supply and labor demand in the context of Australia Post. Factors affecting labor Demand Introduction of internet and information technology leaves a big impact on Australian labor market. As per the annual report of Australia Post it has been received that during the economic recession in the year 2009 customers switched to the cheaper process for their communication. This highlights the rapid use of mail as a media of communication. In the recent years, the Australian economy has been developing as a result, significant shifts from letters to email, SMS and internet communication has been noticed (Roberts Ottens, 2005). It was a big challenge for Australia Post to cope up with the changing economy and technology as various factors are associated with labor demand. One of the major factors is price of the firm's output (Ehrenberg Smith, 2016). Price of the firm's output affects the demand for a labor. Increase in the price of firms output also enhances the labor demand for an organization. In the context of Australia Post if their product price will increase then it w ill enhance the labor demand in this organization. Technology is another big factor that influences labor demand in an organization. However, an introduction of new technology often decreases the demand for some specific types of labor and increases the demand for other types of labor. Australia Post has faced the effect of emerging technology, which replaced the use of letter by email (Auspost.com.au, 2018). Introduction of the technology reduces the manual handling and increases the use of technology. As a result, many employees who have no technical knowledge are replaced by technical experts in Australia Post. This ensures that due to changing technology the demand for technical staffs become increased in Australian business industry. Changes in the product demand is a vital factor that affects the labor demand in an organization. However, if the demand for a product increases then the price of this product becomes increased. As a result, the workforces, which are associated with the manufacturing or delivering the product, become increased. Hence, the demand for the labor of this particular product is increased (De Bruecker et al., 2015). In the context of Australia Post, customers prefer to communicate via email and SMA rather than the letter. This leads this organization to hire more technical experts to enhance the communication process via modern technology. E-substitution is the new product of Australia Post, which needs more technical experts for its delivery. Market price and economic condition of a country is another crucial factor of labor demand. However, if the cost of labor force is high then the organizations try to cut the cost by reducing the workforce in an organization. On the other hand, if the economic condition of an organization is not good then labor demand becomes decreased as the organizations are not able to hire more employees (Ehrenberg Smith, 2016). In the context of Australia Post, labor demand in this organization began increasing from 2015 due to the high GDP of Australia. However, due to the high growth in business industry, Australia Post has started to recruit more labor to fulfill the current market demand. Factors affecting labor Supply Various factors are associated with the labor supply in Australia. One of the biggest factors is the government policy. It is important for an organization to follow the government policy to enhance the labor supply (Ehrenberg Smith, 2016). In the context of Australia Post, they need to follow The Fair Work Act 2009 policy get a good labor supply in their organization. According to this Act, Australia Post needs to give their concern towards the pay, working condition, and awards process to enhance their labor supply. However, it is crucial for Australia Post to fulfill all these aspects, which leads them to get a good supply of labor. Macroeconomic condition of a country also affects the supply of a labor. In Australia during the economic recession, the disposable income for consumers had been decreased as a result, buyers focused on the cheaper product and service (Farber, 2015). In the year 2009, due to the economic recession, Australia Post had faced decreased labor demand in th eir organization. Globalization is another factor that influences labor supply in an organization. However, globalization enhances the digital connectivity and makes the world more competitive (Blundell et al., 2016). In the recent years due to the introduction of new e-commerce giant, the volume of global parcel becomes increased. As a result, Australia Post is trying to adopt a clear strategy to grow their parcel business and optimize the core email operation process. In order to carry out this process, labor demand becomes increased as this organization as a high demand to recruit more technical experts to cope up with the emerging technology. Compensation is a big factor in labor supply (Keane Rogerson, 2015). However, in the year 2009, Australia had faced high economic recession which led the organizations to negotiate with the compensation of labor. This resisted Australia Postal to hire skilled employees to utilize the emerging technology during this time, as a result, the labor demand was dec reased. On the other hand, from the year 2015, the economic condition was starting to improve in Australia. This leads Australia Post to hire more skilled employee by giving them good compensation. This increased the labor supply in this country. Apart from this huge competition in the global market also increased the labor supply in Australia. Different types of workforce changes and their impact on existing and future job Among the different types of workforce changes one of the major changes is the entry of baby boomers in the business industry. However, this is an old generation and has much knowledge and patience to handle a work (Omrani, Valipour Emrouznejad, 2018). On the other hand, entry of the women in the business industry is another type of workforce change. Therefore, increasing rate of immigration is another type of workplace development that is seen in the recent years. Apart from this entry of young aged people as well as children is a crucial type of workforce change that can be observed in the recent years. Baby boomers or millennial are effective to enhance the existing and future job roles. However, mentoring role of boomers helps them to transfer their skill and knowledge to the younger colleagues. This will enhance the job role at present and future (Sherehiy Karwowski, 2014). On the other hand, women workers and child workers are low paid. In the recent years, the women have goo d skill and they are capable enough to complete a job. However, many organizations pay low to the women, which may decrease their labor forces and skill. On the other hand, emerging immigration in Australia allows the organizations to recruit more skilled employees in their organization. Therefore, the pay scale of immigrants is low in comparison to other employees. This will boost the existing job in Australia Post. Therefore, recruitment of more immigrants also valuable for the future job in this organization as it will increase the supply of skilled labor. Types of data and information that Australia Post needs to have access to ensure that the labor demand and supply are accurately understood Australia Post needs to review the GDP of Australia as based on which they can understand the flow of labor supply and rate of the labor demand. It is important for an organization to follow the strategic human resource management to understand the demand and supply of workforces (Nankervis, Compton Baird, 2008). In Australia the GDP was $251,716 million in the year 2017, which ensures the high GDP of this country. Therefore, Australia has ranked 11th position among the 49 countries those have high GDP. On the other hand, GNP or gross national income in Australia was 194383.36 AUD million in the year 2017. From this data, Australia Post can ensure that the unemployment rate is low in this country and labor demand is high. High rate of GNP highlights increased labor demand and supply (Khosla et al., 2011).NNP or net national product NNP of Australia was 432308 aud million, which is high. Introduction of NPP is a new payment structure of Australian economy (Stone, 2010). This will giv e a platform to Australia Post to carry out fast and data-rich payments while managing stakeholders. This enables this organization to transfer money to their customers quickly. To implement this process such organization needs more technical workforce. Hence, by using the above information Australia Post will be able to understand the demand and supply of labor in this country Conclusion The piece of work highlights different factors that are associated with labor demand and supply in Australia. However, it has been found that technology, economic factor, product demand and government policies have a great role in influencing the labor demand. On the other hand, globalization and compensation have a great impact on labor supply and demand. However, due to economic recession, Australia Post failed to negotiate with the compensation planning of the employees, which decreased the labor demand. On the other hand, high GDP will help this organization to provide good compensation as a result, labor demand increases. On the other hand, calculation of GDP, NNP, and GNP are vital for Australia Post to understand the rate of labor supply and demand References Auspost.com.au. (2018). Australia Post. Retrieved 31 March 2018, from https://auspost.com.au/ Blundell, R., Costa Dias, M., Meghir, C., Shaw, J. (2016). Female labor supply, human capital, and welfare reform. Econometrica, 84(5), 1705-1753. Carbery, R., Cross, C. (2015). Human Resource Development: A Concise Introduction. Palgrave. De Bruecker, P., Van den Bergh, J., Belin, J., Demeulemeester, E. (2015). Workforce planning incorporating skills: State of the art. European Journal of Operational Research, 243(1), 1-16. Ehrenberg, R. G., Smith, R. S. (2016). Modern labor economics: Theory and public policy. Routledge. Ehrenberg, R. G., Smith, R. S. (2016). Modern labor economics: Theory and public policy. Routledge. Farber, H. S. (2015). Why you cant find a taxi in the rain and other labor supply lessons from cab drivers. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(4), 1975-2026. Jobs.gov.au. (2018). ANALYSIS OF TRENDS IN THE AUSTRALIAN LABOUR MARKET. Retrieved 31 March 2018, from https://www.jobs.gov.au/annual-report-2016/analysis-trends-australian-labour-market Keane, M., Rogerson, R. (2015). Reconciling micro and macro labor supply elasticities: A structural perspective. Annu. Rev. Econ., 7(1), 89-117. Khosla, R., Chu, M. T., Yamada, K. G., Kuneida, K., Oga, S. (2011, July). Innovative embodiment of job interview in emotionally aware communication robot. In Neural Networks (IJCNN), The 2011 International Joint Conference on (pp. 1546-1552). IEEE Lichter, A., Peichl, A., Siegloch, S. (2015). The own-wage elasticity of labor demand: A meta-regression analysis. European Economic Review, 80, 94-119. Nankervis, A., Compton, R., Baird, M. (2008). Human resource planning in a changing environment. In A. Nankervis, R. Compton M. Baird,Human resource management: strategies and processses(7th ed., pp. 119-161). South Melbourne: Cengage Learning. Omrani, H., Valipour, M., Emrouznejad, A. (2018). Using Weighted Goal Programming Model for Planning Regional Sustainable Development to Optimal Workforce Allocation: An Application for Provinces of Iran. Social Indicators Research, 1-29. Roberts, A. R., Ottens, A. J. (2005). The seven-stage crisis intervention model: A road map to goal attainment, problem solving, and crisis resolution. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 5(4), 329. Sherehiy, B., Karwowski, W. (2014). The relationship between work organization and workforce agility in small manufacturing enterprises. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 44(3), 466-473. Stone, R. (2010).Human Resource Management 9E(pp. 50-79). Melbourne: Wiley.