Friday, May 31, 2019

african Americans :: essays research papers

The Fight for Equal Rights Black Soldiers in the Civil state of warHistorical BackgroundOnce let the black man get upon his person the brass letter, U.S., let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, there is no power on earth that can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship.Frederick Douglass The issues of emancipation and force help were intertwined from the onset of the Civil War. News from Fort Sumter set off a rush by free black men to enlist in U.S. military units. They were turned away, however, because a Federal law dating from 1792 barred Negroes from bearing arms for the U.S. army (although they had served in the American Revolution and in the War of 1812). In Boston disappointed would-be volunteers met and passed a resolution requesting that the Government modify its laws to permit their enlistment. The Lincoln administration wrestled with the idea of authorizing the recruitment of black troops, concerned that su ch a move would prompt the border states to secede. When Gen. John C. Frmont (photo citation 111-B-3756) in Missouri and Gen. David Hunter (photo citation 111-B-3580) in South Carolina issued proclamations that emancipated slaves in their military regions and permitted them to enlist, their superiors sternly revoked their orders. By mid-1862, however, the escalating number of former slaves (contrabands), the declining number of white volunteers, and the increasingly pressing personnel needs of the Union Army pushed the Government into reconsidering the ban. As a result, on July 17, 1862, Congress passed the Second Confiscation and Militia Act, freeing slaves who had masters in the Confederate Army. Two days later, slavery was abolished in the territories of the linked States, and on July 22 President Lincoln (photo citation 111-B-2323) presented the preliminary draft of the Emancipation Proclamation to his Cabinet. After the Union Army turned back Lees starting line invasion of th e North at Antietam, MD, and the Emancipation Proclamation was subsequently announced, black recruitment was pursued in earnest. Volunteers from South Carolina, Tennessee, and Massachusetts filled the first trustworthy black regiments. Recruitment was slow until black leaders such as Frederick Douglass (photo citation 200-FL-22) encouraged black men to become soldiers to ensure eventual beneficial citizenship. (Two of Douglasss own sons contributed to the war effort.) Volunteers began to respond, and in May 1863 the Government established the Bureau of Colored Troops to manage the burgeoning numbers of

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Jane Eyre :: essays papers

Jane EyreJanes arrival at the ThornfieldCharlotte Brontes Jane Eyre displays three types of relationships possessing different purposes. These connections are established at Thornfield after Jane becomes a governess and accepts the pip at the estate. The offset relationship is the star that forms surrounded by Mrs.Fairfax, the housekeeper, and Jane. A nonher relationship that begins upon arrival at Thornfield is the hotshot that Jane possesses with Adele, her pupil. The last and most important relationship that begins is that of Mr. Rochester and herself. These connections run to the crucial development of Janes persona.The initiatory relationship Jane is susceptible to is the one established in the midst of her and Mrs. Fairfax. Jane believes Mrs. Fairfax to be quite generous host because at first Jane has the notion that Mrs.Fairfax is the owner. She then discovers that she is the housekeeper. She feels better discriminating that the kind behavior exhibited is not unusual because Mrs.Fairfax is but the housekeeper and not the owner. Jane feels better k immediatelying that she can act to a greater extent comfortably. Jane feels satisfaction as the housekeeper tells her how content she is now that she has a companion that is worthy to participate in discussion. She believes the other servants can not hold a intercourse very well. Mrs. Fairfaxs predictable good-will allows Jane to feel more at ease with her. In a way it can be seen that Mrs.Fairfax serves almost as a mother figure to Jane. another(prenominal) relationship that I noticed is the unique one that is shared between Adele and Jane. Adele is presented as the spoiled pupil who although quite the fidgety, loquacious child wins a element of Janes heart. The relationship that is formed due to the large amount of time spent together is one that happens not only because of fondness but it is one that is inevitable. The bond begins to take on the appearance of a mother daughter relationship bec ause Jane controls Adeles actions (or tries) and Adele seems very connect to Jane. The odd relationship that takes shape between Mr.Rochester and Jane is one that becomes serious gradually. It seems to give Jane pleasure that Mr.Rochester believes her to be of intelligence that is peculiar for a schoolgirl. The bluntness that they share in a way shows flirtation between the characters but then the way that Rochester refers to Jane as little friend shows him as a type of father-like portrait.Jane Eyre essays papersJane EyreJanes arrival at the ThornfieldCharlotte Brontes Jane Eyre displays three types of relationships possessing different purposes. These connections are established at Thornfield after Jane becomes a governess and accepts the position at the estate. The first relationship is the one that forms between Mrs.Fairfax, the housekeeper, and Jane. Another relationship that begins upon arrival at Thornfield is the one that Jane possesses with Adele, her pupil. The last and most important relationship that begins is that of Mr. Rochester and herself. These connections contribute to the crucial development of Janes persona.The first relationship Jane is susceptible to is the one established between her and Mrs. Fairfax. Jane believes Mrs. Fairfax to be quite generous host because at first Jane has the notion that Mrs.Fairfax is the owner. She then discovers that she is the housekeeper. She feels better knowing that the kind behavior exhibited is not unusual because Mrs.Fairfax is but the housekeeper and not the owner. Jane feels better knowing that she can act more comfortably. Jane feels satisfaction as the housekeeper tells her how content she is now that she has a companion that is worthy to participate in discussion. She believes the other servants can not hold a conversation very well. Mrs. Fairfaxs predictable kindness allows Jane to feel more at ease with her. In a way it can be seen that Mrs.Fairfax serves almost as a mother figure to Jane . Another relationship that I noticed is the unique one that is shared between Adele and Jane. Adele is presented as the spoiled pupil who although quite the fidgety, loquacious child wins a portion of Janes heart. The relationship that is formed due to the large amount of time spent together is one that happens not only because of fondness but it is one that is inevitable. The bond begins to take on the appearance of a mother daughter relationship because Jane controls Adeles actions (or tries) and Adele seems very attached to Jane. The odd relationship that takes shape between Mr.Rochester and Jane is one that becomes serious gradually. It seems to give Jane pleasure that Mr.Rochester believes her to be of intelligence that is peculiar for a schoolgirl. The bluntness that they share in a way shows flirtation between the characters but then the way that Rochester refers to Jane as little friend shows him as a type of father-like portrait.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Computer Forensics :: Technology, Science, Computer Applications

Computer forensics is the specialized practice of investigating electronic computer media for the resolve of discovering and analyzing available, deleted, or "hidden" information that whitethorn serve as useful evidence in a licit matter. (Steen, Hassell 2004)Computer forensics has become a precise important factor of criminal investigations. Since computers have become mainstream the need for a science that will deal with the technology has become an issue for the judicial and legal system. Some of the areas computer forensics may be utilized are     Copyright infringement     Industrial espionage     Money laundering     Piracy     Sexual harassment      stealing of intellectual property     Unauthorized access to confidential information     Blackmail     Corruption      DecryptionWhen the investigator finds a computer that may hold evidence, they basic create an exact image of the drive. This prevents any inadvertent damage to the system. The clone image is important because more than 160 alterations are made to data files when a computer is turned on which can change or delete important evidence.Several events take place on a computer when a file is changed. A file status maker is set meaning their space is now available. But even though you have deleted the file, it stays in the selfsame(prenominal) spot and is called free or unallocated space and is available until the whole space is written over by another file. The computer forensic specialist may retrieve the data until it is written over by the new file. Another place for information to hide is called slack space, meaning, sometimes information being stored in an area will not use all of the available space in the designated spot and the unused portion becomes the slack space.

Personal Narrative: Goodbye My Best Friend Essay -- essays research pa

GoodbyeIt is amazing how many things we take for granted. We make plans for the day, and dont work out twice about how those plans can be taken away in the blink of an eye. I never thought much about it myself, until I was approach with the shock, and undeniable truth of my cousins death. I dont think anyone real thinks about tragedy until they are actually faced with shocking news.It was a bright and warm summer morning when I woke from a good darkness sleep. Nothing prepared me for the dark, gloomy and sad day ahead of me. You see, this was the day that my cousin and childhood outdo friend passed away in an auto accident.Bright, intelligent, attractive and caring 16 year old, these are words to describe her but let me to you how I seen her. From as early as I can immortalise her and I we... Personal Narrative Goodbye My Best Friend Essay -- essays research paGoodbyeIt is amazing how many things we take for granted. We make plans for the day, and dont think twice about how those plans can be taken away in the blink of an eye. I never thought much about it myself, until I was faced with the shock, and undeniable truth of my cousins death. I dont think anyone really thinks about tragedy until they are actually faced with shocking news.It was a bright and warm summer morning when I woke from a good night sleep. Nothing prepared me for the dark, gloomy and sad day ahead of me. You see, this was the day that my cousin and childhood best friend passed away in an auto accident.Bright, intelligent, loving and caring 16 year old, these are words to describe her but let me to you how I seen her. From as early as I can remember her and I we...

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

The Burden of a Guilty Conscience :: essays research papers fc

In K atomic number 18n Horneys essay, The Distrust Between the Sexes, she demonstrates how the expectations we have when we are in neck can often lead to disappoint custodyt. An almost unavoidable source of disappointment and distrust in our normal love life derives from the position that the very intensity of our feelings of love stirs up all of our secret expectations and longing for happiness, which slumber deep inside us (361). Simply, projecting our desires, expectation and sometimes wrong upon our lover can lead to disappointment. Love, in this way, can be a hugely unsatisfying because our expectations for it can be contradictory in nature and sometimes unrealistic. Ideally we would want a partner who possesses desirable traits. We want a partner who possesses both strength and weakness, who is pure and wicked, and additionally some whizz who will love us as deeply as we do them. However, it is very rare that someone will find that perfect partner who fulfills all of their desires. In my opinion, men and women usually project their guilt in ornate behaviors that lead to a breakdown in trust. For example, many people who are unfaithful often tear their partner of cheating due to their own guilty conscience. Also, we can project our insecurities on our relationships we do this unconsciously when we feel that we are not good plenteous or unable to fulfill our partners expectations in the relationship, and do this in many different ways. I once was in a situation, one Im confident most of us have been in, where my partner accused me of cheating and was very adamant about this. In addition, there seemed to be no way to assure her of any other reality. I later came to find out that she was the one being unfaithful during this period of time. Shortly later I came to the conclusion that she was projecting her guilt on our relationship, and that was the reason why she was convinced that I was being unfaithful.

The Burden of a Guilty Conscience :: essays research papers fc

In Karen Horneys essay, The Distrust Between the Sexes, she demonstrates how the expectations we have when we are in love can frequently lead to disappointment. An al to the highest degree unavoidable source of disappointment and distrust in our normal love life derives from the fact that the very intensity of our feelings of love stirs up all of our secret expectations and longing for happiness, which slumber deep inside us (361). Simply, projecting our desires, expectation and sometimes misdeed upon our lover can lead to disappointment. Love, in this way, can be a hugely unsatisfying because our expectations for it can be contradictory in nature and sometimes unrealistic. Ideally we would want a render who possesses desirable traits. We want a retainer who possesses both strength and weakness, who is pure and wicked, and additionally someone who will love us as deeply as we do them. However, it is very rare that someone will find that perfect partner who fulfills all of their desires. In my opinion, men and women usually project their guilt in ornate behaviors that lead to a breakd witness in trust. For example, m each people who are unfaithful often accuse their partner of cheating due to their own guilty conscience. Also, we can project our insecurities on our relationships we do this unconsciously when we feel that we are not good enough or unable to fulfill our partners expectations in the relationship, and do this in many different ways. I once was in a situation, one Im confident most of us have been in, where my partner accused me of cheating and was very adamant about this. In addition, there seemed to be no way to assure her of any other reality. I later came to find out that she was the one being unfaithful during this period of time. Shortly afterward I came to the conclusion that she was projecting her guilt on our relationship, and that was the reason why she was convinced that I was being unfaithful.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Generoso Pharmaceutical & Chemical Inc. Essay

I. TIME CONTEXTAfter five years of combining the of import Luzon region, in 1978, David established a ships company called Generoso Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals or GPC with Elizabeth a business associate, Rafael Buenaventura who was a salesman like David. The team set up shop at the Generoso dwelling house in Tarlac.II. VIEWPOINTThe Generoso pharmaceuticals and Chemicals Inc. is an industry where selling the Medicine and Drugs etc. that owned by David with Elizabeth and Rafael. The problems of this industry are how to make compete to the other Pharmaceuticals industry, because those days in that respect are many industries that sell the same product, How to make and flummox their funds and how low ordain be pacify in the Pharmaceuticals industry.III. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMSHow will GPC stay in competition in pharmaceutical industry in the Philippines? How will generate funds to continue with the ensure? What will be the effect of the generic wine Bill if they will continu e to do the project?IV. OBJECTIVESTo know and determinusine the action of Generoso Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals in order to stay in the business. To be able to generate funds for the implementation of the project. To know the favours and disadvantages of implementation of the Generic Bill in Generoso Pharmaceuticals and Chemical, Inc.V. AREAS OF CONSIDERATION* Competitors, Potential Substitutes and Potential Entrants Potential competitors are not limited to the firms considering whirl exactly the same or differential products or services substitutes to the existing products and services are also potential threat.* Buyers and SuppliersThe competitive situation of the business is influenced by the nature of its transactions with its buyers and suppliers.* Governmental Intervention / Generic Acts of 1988There are governmental institutions that as a component of the general environment, affect not provided one industry. On the other hand, there are also some created specifically to serve or regulated one industry or a few interrelated industries.* FundsThe company was now a going concern valued at P40 million. The proposed project would cost approximately P135 million. The need to strike a German expatriate to oversee the problem and the additional budget for the project. No Filipino chemist who specialize the technology of the project could qualify for GPC to bear competitiveVI. SWOT ANALYSIS* Strength* Liquidity of the Company* A wide supply for raw materials* Conservative cash guidance policies* Tend to fit more than on the situation of implementing Generic Bill* Weaknesses* Less quality of their products* Expansions are as well as costly* Lack of additional capital* Poor management* Opportunities* A good project* Contacts in the US who provides supply* A large area for expansion* Threats* Stability of the economy* Risky project because its too costly* Potential entrants of groups in the industryVII. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTIONS* GPC should accept t he project and hire Qualified German ExpatriateAdvantagesa. It will make the company stay in competitionb. Higher quality of products nominate be attained and offered in lower pricesc. Creditors(investors) will provide the needed budgetDisadvantagesa. It is too costly and risky* Accept the project and GPC fag borrow money from banks or other financial intermediaries.Advantagesa. Early implementation of the projectb. Long term paymentsc. Can gain additional support for the project.Disadvantagesa. Generates interestb. The longer the period the debt is not paid, the higher interests generates c. The borrower pledges some assets as collateral for the loan.* GPC should not accept the project and stay smallAdvantagesa. It will cost less and less risky for the companyDisadvantagesa. it will not make the company competitiveVIII. RECOMMEDATIONAs a Recommendation, we therefore recommend that the best alternative action is to accept the proposal of the project for Generoso Pharmaceuticals & Chemicals, Inc. in order for them to stay in competition and reputation. The company can find investors or borrow from creditors or other financial intermediaries that will provide the needed budget. The company will hire experienced German chemists, who can make the company stays in the competition and can achieved high quality of products and be sold at lower prices, which will be more attracted to the buyers (who are majority are less fortunate Filipinos and cannot afford to buy medicine that much).IX. CONCLUSIONIn the conclusion, although costly and risky, the Generoso Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals, Inc.(GPC) can pursue the proposed budget compensate if they have insufficient fund to supervise the project. If they can find investors to invest then it will be a win-win situation for both of them if it the project will be a success. Especially now that having the Generic Bill will surely make them to have a fair competition with their competitors. It is also their advantage to pr oduce high quality of products because of the German expatriates qualifications and even sell it to a cheaper price.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

I’m African American, Not Ghetto Yet I’m “White” Essay

Im African American, Not Ghetto Yet Im White? Stereotypes are a part of the reason why nation are so judgmental today. In the world, utter like an African American usually refer to slang/illiterate terms while speaking Caucasian would refer to intelligence. The stereotype I chose, If youre black scarce dont act ghetto youre considered white is seldomly brought up but invariably judged throughout the business world and education systems or even in everyday tasks such as shopping.Deon Cole Black Box is a waggery show that The first media selected was an episode from Deon Coles Black Box. This video focused on an African American man working in a business consisting of mostly Caucasian people. The speaker, Deon Cole spoke to a moreover adult audience conveying that African American speaking intellectually and using words such as awesome are considered speaking white and is not acceptable. The purpose of this stereotype is to compare the speaking difference in the midst of African Americans and Caucasians.The speaker delivered the message with a humorous point of view. He consistently talked in a different way compared to when he talked to people of his analogous race. Although to his other coworkers he sounded normal, to people of his own race he sounded odd. The speaker confronted him on this saying how he talked white. This added to the stereotype If youre black but not ghetto, youre automatically considered white.The Second media I chose was an article called Racism in High School Im not oreo or ghettoIm just being me. The author Nesshell Rainford communicated her opinion on how others were considering her an Oreo. This meaning others felt she talked white on the inside but was African American on the outside. The intended audience was any teenager who may have experienced or is experiencing this. She expressed how she felt towards teasing, insults, racism and judgments she dealt with in advanced school.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

For my project I am going to design a new range of Alco-pop

For my find out I am going to design a bracing range of Alco-pop. I choose this idea as I feel there is room in the current market to introduce a refreshful stain. The current and most popular Alco-pops at present would be boozes such as Bacardi breeder, WKD and red square. These harvest-homes are available in a range of flavours and bewilder a volume on aver eon of about 5. 5% alcohol prices vary depending on where the product is purchased.The product I pass on be basing my advertize campaign around will be a new range of Alco-pop available in five different florescent flavours and designed to glow in the dark, the product will be un-missable due to the bold colours so I will be using this to my advantage to capture public attention. However my project is new to the market and the brand name and product is unknown, this will make introducing the product difficult therefore the advertising campaign will need to be effective.The audience I am aiming the product at will be you ng outgoing eighteen to thirty year olds. This age is the younger age of clubbers that will be more willing to experiment with new products on the market where as the older audience will be more jell in there way as to what they drink. Also the audience will be drinking in more trendy modern bars and clubs in which I plan to match with the product image.The product will be named Gloe due to its obvious glow in the dark stature, with the name of the product organism Gloe and the product being new on the market I need a name that people can remember therefore if they realise the drink glows in the dark the name will relates to the product. I have to a fault removed the w and replaced it with e I have done this to imprint the brand with product recognition. The product will be available in a glass bottle, with the product name stuck on at the front. The label of the product will be mainly transparent with just the letter arrangement of Gloe in bold capital letters.The brand slogan wil l be Gloes through as this compliments the brand name and I am hoping to relate it in some way to the adverts I will be creating. The image I would worry the product to be associated with is that of a new, modern, trendy product with slight individuality, a carefree drink that looks good, tastes great and is the only solution to a healthy wickedness out. For the campaign I will be creating three ads one will be a billboard poster another will be an advertisement in a magazine and the third will be a large bus-stop poster.I have chosen these three types of media as the billboard is a large advertisement that is difficult to miss I will be placing it around the city centre where most of the nightlife will be and it will also be busy during daytime. The magazine article will be placed in magazines for men like FHM and women in magazines such as Cosmopolitian, New Look, more(prenominal) and 19 these are the younger trendy magazines that appeal to the target audience of the product an d have discovered similar advertisements in these whilst researching.The bus-stop poster will be used as a lot of younger people use public transport due to convience and also the cost of cars and petrol. The poster will be placed in a bus station as they can become extremely busy during everyday rush hour. Each of my adverts will showing the product and slogan in the top right hand corner of all of the adverts. The first advert featured in the bus-stop will be a pitch black background with a large bottle of Gloe centred in the foreground. The bottle will have a glowing light around it in one of the florescent colours I will use.

Friday, May 24, 2019

The Definition of White Collar Crime

In this paper the exciting criminal phenomenon known as white-collar evil testament be discussed. Corporate wickedness and kindr Crime will be discussed in detail. Crime pr tear downtative agencies such as the NCPC (National Crime Prevention Council) will also be researched. The fresh Professor Edwin Sutherland coined the term white-collar offense about 1941. Sutherland defined white-collar horror as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation (Siegel 337)White-collar crime includes, by way of example, such acts as promulgating false or misleading advertising, illegal exploitation of employees, mislabeling of goods, violation of weights and measures statutes, conspiring to fix prices, evading corporate taxes, figurer crimes, and so on. White-collar crime is most distinctively defined in harm of attitudes toward those who commit it. These crimes ar punishable by law, however it is generally regarded by the courts and by sections of the general earth as some(prenominal) less reprehensible than crimes normally punished by the courts.The other types of crime are blue-collar offenses, which are predominately crimes of the beneath-privileged. White-collar crimes are punished far less harshly than blue-collar crimes, which shows societies attitudes towards the two sections of society. White-collar crime is attractive to criminals because it brings material rewards with little or no loss of status. (Taft & England 201) For some, white-collar crime is not viewed as a crime at all, because of its non-violent nature.Violent crime has an immediate and observable impact on its victim which raises the ire of the prevalent, whereas white-collar crime frequently goes undetected or is viewed as a bending of the rules. Yet white-collar crime whoremaster create the greater havoc. The victim of an assault will recover however, the impact of a fraud can last a lifetime. This is especially true when the elder ly are victimized, as they have little or no hope of re-establishing themselves in financial terms. reprobate to the popular belief, white-collar criminals are thieves and the methods used to conceal their offenses are both twisted and ingenious.Concealment of the crime is always an objective of the offender, and it becomes an element of the crime itself. Because it is an artful form of deceit, which is skillfully clothed, the investigation itself is often long and laborious as far as proving criminal intent is concerned. The offence itself may be disguised in a maze of legitimate transactions, which are quite proper if viewed in isolation however, the cumulative effect is the commission of a criminal offence. From the standstill of the criminal, the ideal white- collar crime is one that will never be recognized or detected as a criminal act.Corporate crime is the type of crime that is engaged in by individuals and groups of individuals who become involved in criminal conspiraci es designed to improve the market share or favorableness of their corporations. ( Siegel 338) Corporations are legal entities, which can be and are subjected to criminal processes. in that location is today little restriction on the range of crimes for which corporations may be held responsible, though a corporation cannot be imprisoned.The most controversial issue in regard to the study of corporate crime revolves around the question of whether corporate crime is really crime. Corporate officials, politicians, and many criminologists object to the criminological study of corporate criminality on the strictest sense of the word. The conventional and strictly legal definition of crime is that it is an act, which violates the criminal law and is thereby punishable by a criminal court. From this perspective a criminal is one who has been convicted in a criminal court. assumption these widely accepted notions of crime and criminals, it is argued that what is called corporate crime is not really crime and should not be considered as such by either the public or criminologists. (Hochstedler 22) It does appear that now in repenny times society has had a growing concern about white-collar and corporate crime. Studies have indicated that the public now judges white-collar criminality to be more serious than it had been in the past, mint now have lost confidence in the people running major companies, and most American corporate executives are believed to be dishonest.The publics concern with corporate crime has grown recently, only if if has been evident for several years. I will use one of the most memorable corporate crime cases in history The Ford Pinto Case to prove my statement. (Cullen/Maakestad/Cavender 43) The product liability grounds and appeal titled Grimshaw v. Ford Motor Company is a case in point and ought to be read by everyone. Grimshaw is an example of the type of occasion that can happen when an industry insolates itself from competition. The P into affair has very important lessons for us all.Its story can teach us much about the power of broad corporations and what corporations can do when they face no real competition. It carries an important lesson about how the minds of those who run the worlds colossal corporations work. In November of 1971 the elderlys purchased a new 1972 Pinto hatchback manufactured by Ford in October of 1971. The Grays had trouble with the car from the outset. During the first few months of ownership, they had to return the car to the dealer for repairs a number of times.Their car problems included excessive bluster and oil consumption, down shifting of the automatic transmission, lack of power, and occasional stalling. It was later learned that the stalling and excessive fuel consumption were caused by a big(p) carburetor mishandle. On May 28, Mrs. Gray, accompanied by 13-year-old Richard Grimshaw, set out in the Pinto from Anaheim for Barstow to meet Mr. Gray. The Pinto was then six months old and had been driven approximately 3,000 miles. Mrs. Gray stopped in San Bernardino for be adriftoline, got back onto the freeway (Interstate 15) and proceeded toward her destination at 60 65 miles per hour.As she approached the Route 30 off-ramp where traffic was congested, she moved from the outer unshakable lane to the middle lane of the freeway. Shortly after this lane change, the Pinto suddenly stalled and coasted to a halt in the middle lane. It was later established that the carburetor float had become so saturated with gasoline that it suddenly sank, opening the float chamber and causing the engine to flood and stall. A car traveling instanter behind the Pinto was able to swerve and pass it but the driver of a 1962 Ford Galaxie was unable to avoid colliding with the Pinto.The Galaxie had been traveling from 50 to 55 miles per hour but before the impact had been braked to a speed of 28 to 37 miles per hour. At the moment of impact, the Pinto caught fire and its interi or was engulfed in flames. jibe to the plaintiffs expert, the impact of the Galaxie had driven the Pintos gas ice chest forward and caused it to be punctured by the flange or one of the bolts on the differential housing so that fuel sprayed from the punctured tank and entered the passenger compartment through gaps resulting from the separation of the rear wheel well sections from the floor pan.By the time the Pinto came to rest after the collision, both occupants had sustained serious burns. When they emerged from the vehicle, their clothe was almost completely burned off. Mrs. Gray died a few days later of congestive heart failure as a result of the burns. Grimshaw managed to break down but only through heroic medical measures. He has undergone numerous and extensive surgeries and skin grafts and was expected to have to undergo additional surgeries over the undermentioned 10 years.He lost portions of several fingers on his left hand and portions of his left ear, hile his face required many skin grafts from various portions of his body. This graphic reputation of these events is needed to grasp the full impact of this tragic situation which could have been avoided by Ford for very minimal cost. Each Pinto could have been repaired for $4-$8 a piece. Management knew of these defects but still decided to produce and release the Pinto to the public. The idea for the Pinto, as has been noted, was conceived by Mr. Iacocco sic, the Executive Vice President of Ford. The feasibility study was conducted under the supervision of Mr.Robert Alexander, Vice President of Car Engineering. Fords Product Planning Committee, whose members included Mr. Iacocca, Mr. Robert Alexander, and Mr. Harold MacDonald, Fords Group Vice President of Car Engineering, ap be the Pintos concept and made the finality to go forward with the project. Harley Copp, a former Ford engineer and executive in charge of the crash testing program, testified that the highest level of Fords management made the termination to go forward with the production of the Pinto, knowing that the gas tank was vulnerable to uncture at low rear impact speeds creating a significant risk of remainder or injury from fire and knowing that fixes were feasible at nominal cost.He testified that managements decision was based on the cost savings, which would inure from omitting the fixes. This was the corporations outright merchandise of human life for pay. The jury in this case brought in a verdict for the plaintiffs in excess of $128 million of which $125 million were punitive damages. There is another very important point to be made by this case.Ford knew that the Pinto was going to kill or burn people because of its design, but, because of the cost savings which would inure from omitting the fixes, Ford decided to let it go. Consider carefully exactly what Ford Motor Company was doing here. virtuoso could argue that Ford was conducting cost-benefit analysis. To the Ford executives, the benefi ts were clear, calculable, and promptly available. Ford would save a few dollars on each Pinto manufactured. The cost would accrue in the future and would not be paid by Ford.Unfortunately, the costs were the lives and permanent injuries of nameless and faceless future consumers. The Pinto would appear to be a prime example of laying off costs. The suffering, the destroyed lives and families apparently were of minor regard in the calculations when Ford performed the cost-benefit analysis. Corporate crime has also been linked to semipolitical leaders in this country. Corporate crime is a crime of power and profit for the offenders. Large and powerful corporations who have the support of prominent political leaders can be difficult to prosecute in corporate crime cases.At the Progress & Freedom Foundation conference held at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D. C. , Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich (R-Georgia) was asked why he spent so much time addressing the issue of street cri me and violence, while ignoring the issue of corporate crime and violence. Gingrich answered, If I went around the country and said, Vote for us and there will be no more white-collar fraud, the average voter will say, I dont think he gets it. But corporate crime is more than on the dot white-collar fraud.And one reason that Gingrich doesnt address the issue of corporate crime might be because one of the corporations that has brought him to power is Southwire Co. of Carrollton, Georgia. Southwire has close ties to Gingrich, it dominates the political economy of Carroll County, where Gingrichs political career was launched, and it is a corporation with a criminal record. Individuals affiliated with Southwire Co. , including its chief executive officer, Roy Richards, and its president, James Richards, have donated more than $18,000 to Gingrichs campaigns for Congress during the past ten years.According to the Los Angeles Times, James Richards has also donated 80,200 to GOPAC, the po litical action committee spearhearded by Gingrich. computer technology has introduced new factors concerning the types of perpetrators, the forms of assets threatened, and embezzlement methods. ( Radzinowicz 357) Computer crimes generally fall into five categories 1) thieving of services 2) use of computer data for personal gain 3) unauthorized use of computers employed for various types of financial processing 4) property theft by computer 5) placing viruses to destroy data.The terms computer misuse and computer abuse are also used frequently, but they have significantly different implications. guilty law recognizes the concepts of unlawful or fraudulent intent and of claim of right thus, any criminal laws that relate to computer crime would need to distinguish betwixt accidental misuse of a computer system, negligent misuse of a computer system and intended, unauthorized access to or misuse of a computer system, amounting to computer abuse.Annoying behavior must be distinguish ed from criminal behavior in law. History has shown that a broad range of persons commits computer crime students, amateurs, terrorists and members of organized crime groups. What distinguishes them is the nature of the crime committed. The individual who accesses a computer system without further criminal intent is much different from the employee of a financial institution who skims funds from customer accounts. The typical skill level of the computer criminal is a topic of controversy.Some claim that skill level is not an indicator of a computer criminal, while others claim that potential computer criminals are bright, eager, highly motivated subjects willing to accept a technological challenge, characteristics that are also highly desirable in an employee in the data-processing field. According to a number of studies, however, employees represent the largest threat, and indeed computer crime has often been referred to as an insider crime. One study estimated that 90 per cent of economic computer crimes were committed by mployees of the victimized companies.A recent survey in North America and europium indicated that 73 per cent of the risk to computer security was attributable to internal sources and only 23 per cent to external criminal activity. The American Bar link conducted a survey in 1987 of 300 corporations and government agencies, 72 claimed to have been the victim of computer-related crime in the 12-month period prior to the survey, sustaining losses estimated to range from $ cxlv million to $ 730 million.In 1991, a survey of security incidents involving computer-related crime was conducted at 3,000 Virtual Address Extension (VAX) sites in Canada, Europe and the United States of America. Seventy-two per cent of the respondents said that a security incident had occurred within the previous 12-month period 43 per cent indicated that the security incident they had sustained had been a criminal offence. A further 8 per cent were uncertain whether they had sustained a security incident. Similar surveys conducted around the world report significant and widespread abuse and loss.Computer criminals have gained notoriety in the media and appear to have gained more social acceptability than traditional criminals. The suggestion that the computer criminal is a less calumnious individual, however, ignores the obvious. The current threat is real. The future threat will be directly determined by the advances made in computer technology. Although it is difficult to quantify the celestial orbit of the computer crime problem, public reports have estimated that computer crime costs us between five hundred million and ten billion dollars per year.The Computer Security Institute has surveyed 428 information security specialists in Fortune 500 companies 42% of the respondents indicated that there was an unauthorized use of their computer systems in the last year. completely a small portion of computer crimes come to the attention of the l aw enforcement authorities. While it is possible to give an accurate description of the various types of computer offences committed, it has proved difficult to give an accurate, reliable overview of the extent of losses and the actual number of criminal offences.At its Colloquium on Computer Crimes and Other Crimes against Information Technology, held at Wurzburg, Germany, from 5 to 8 October 1992, AIDP released a report on computer crime based on reports of its member countries that estimated that only 5 per cent of computer crime was report to law enforcement authorities. Law enforcement officials indicate from their experience that recorded computer crime statistics do not represent the actual number of offences the term dark figure, used by criminologists to refer to unreported crime, has been applied to undiscovered computer crimes.The invisibility of computer crimes is based on several factors. First, sophisticated technology, that is, the immense, compact entrepot capacity of the computer and the speed with which computers function, ensures that computer crime is very difficult to detect. In contrast to most traditional areas of crime, unknowing victims are often advised after the fact by law enforcement officials that they have sustained a computer crime. Secondly, investigating officials often do not have sufficient learn to deal with problems in the complex environment of data processing.Thirdly, many victims do not have a contingency plan for responding to incidents of computer crime, and they may even fail to acknowledge that a security problem exists. The dynamic nature of computer technology, compounded by specific considerations and complications in applying traditional laws to this new technology, say that the law enforcement, legal and judicial communities must develop new skills to be able to respond adequately to the challenge presented by computer crime.The growing sophistication of telecommunications systems and the high level of exp ertise of many system operators complicate significantly the task of regulatory and legal intervention by law enforcement agencies. If the law enforcement confederacy is expected to deal with the problem of computer crime, adequate training sessions must be implemented. To address computer crime, most police departments are allocating a greater proportion of resources to their economic or fraud investigation divisions, since many types of computer crime occur in the course of business transactions or hazard financial assets.Accordingly, it is important for investigators to know about business transactions and about the use of computer in business. The ideal situation is to have investigators with not only solid criminal investigation backgrounds but also supplementary technical knowledge. This is similar to the traditional approach, where many police forces ensure that their fraud investigators, although not ineluctably accountants, possess a thorough understanding of financial a nd business record keeping.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

An Analysis of Mel Lazarus’ Angry Fathers

Mel Lazarus, writer of Angry Fathers, showed by describing his relationship between him and his suffer, as he rec every(prenominal)ed an accident that happened when he was 9 years old, back in 1938, when corporal visitment was most used to correct bad behavior, Theyll live, dont worry , was the parking lot idea, that event marked his relationship and trust with his father for life. Lazarus family stayed at a boarding house in Catskills for the summer during school vacations, and he and two buddies were suspension out matchless August afternoon, bored.So what they decided to do was engage in a little remodeling, as the owner of the place was furious, the three mothers fundamentally decided to let their husbands discipline the boys. The bingo players felt a strong lust for vengeance they wanted to see some beatings. As Lazarus tells it, his friends fathers came home first, one at a time. The first dad, took off his belt and began whipping his son, the second father came home and when he learned what happened, began thrashing his boy, slamming him to the ground and kicking him.Lazarus was at a time terrified his father had never raised his hold in violence, but after seeing this, the young boy was truly afraid that hed crossed the line. His father came home the owner explained what had happened. Lazaruss dad stared at his son for a moment. Then he suddenly left. He got back into his car and drove off. He returned an bit later with a stack of Sheetrock boards tied to the top of his car. He took the sheetrock into the remains of the casino, and then took a hammer hed bought at the hardware store out of the look seat, and went to pop off.He said non a word to anyone he just rebuilt the casino, taking most of the night to do it. Lazarus was still worried about payback in the morning, but none came. The father never mentioned the incident and the weekend went perfectly fine. Lazarus says that, while he knew his father was angry, the father in like manner believed that beating ones infant is criminal, that children always remembered the pain but often forgot the reason. The father also understood that a child learns nothing by humiliation he was not discharge to play into a conspiracy of revenge and spectacle by publicly flogging his own son.That was not his way, Although many years has passed since then, corporal punishment still be used sometimes with hard consequences, often we notice on television real cases of parents going too far, they are different ways that corporal punish is used, the most popular is within the family, typically children punished by parents or guardians within the schools when students are punished by teachers or administrators or as severalize of a criminal sentence ordered by a court of law.Corporal punishment of minors within domestic settings is lawful in all 50 states and widely approved by parents. Theyll live, dont worry , Stanishly the consequences of corporal punishment are vivid, a 14% of al l men in prison in the USA were annoyance as children, 36% of all women in prison were abused as children and of course children who experience child abuse are 59% more likely to be arrested as a juvenile, and 28% more likely to be arrested as an adult.On the other hand we were very fortunate that my parents had the same level of understanding when it came to punishing us, (we were five kids growing up together), I called my sisters Nora and Veronica, to asked them if they recalled my parents ever punishing us that way, but they told me as I remembered, our parents used discipline on a different way, even then, almost 30 years ago, they lead us the way by utilise the scriptures,(Jehovah Witnesses), always talking to us, showing up The bibles way and when, there was something very bad they showed us how to work, replace, put together, apologize, return anything that we just may had broken or misplaced.The golden rule, according to my parents must live in my mind and heart Do unto others as you would have them do unto you, somehow it work for all of us, finally Angry Fathers, show us just how important is that parents understand their children and find other ways to make sure their children are effective and trust in them. Its a good example for all of us to see the fathers refusal to get into a psychodrama are the fact that he also solves the problem of the destroyed casino.The other fathers, likely just as capable of putting up Sheetrock as Mr. Lazarus was. And Mr. Lazarus obviously understood that hitting his son was not going to fix the casino. And that the sound of the hammer banging on sheetrock not only allowed him to get out some aggression, but also served as a stern reminder to the young boy about what he did to the building, and how that lesson lasted a life time.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Evaluate the Current State of the Economy Essay

undertaking market conditions ar important especially for the avocation categories, businesses, individuals, and political sympathiess. The nations crowd market conditions are constantly monitored by statistical depth psychology, unemployment straddle being the primary metric. In April of 2014, the unemployment rate fell from 6.7% part to 6.3% part (Bureau of Labor Statistics. May 2014), which was the lowest rate since September of 2008. Since January the unemployment rate had been somewhat flat, moreover in April 2014 it dropped. However in April, the labor force additionally dropped by 806,000 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2014) meaning the occurrent ratio drop from 6.7% to 6.3% comparatively detains approximately the same as the constant trend. In different words, beca implement of the decrease in workforce, the drop in unemployment may be partially a outlet of the decrease in workforce.The consistent level of unemployment makes shifts on AD and AS curve minor. W hen unemployment decreases, as it did in April, a correlation linking the drop in unemployment to an append gather up of goods and services goat be made. This increased imply requires the productivity of companies to increase to meet the furnish deficit, creating more jobs for individuals. With a greater demand for goods and services, there is a greater need for people to produce them, thusly a decrease in unemployment.Additionally, the decrease in unemployment means household income pass on improve, providing them with more disposable income. As noned above, because of the increase in demand (seen in the decline in the unemployment rate), a direct correlation can be made to an increase in supply, though delayed. The increase in supply increases the number of new employees as employers look to meet the demand for goods and services, shifting the AScurve to the right as well.In most cases unemployment remains constant, but in US, the high unemployment rate (compared to the pas t) can be in possession of a negative effect on the economy. The steady unemployment rate can reduce the supply of labor in the economy, as unemployed people become discouraged and stop looking for jobs. This would shift the conflate supply curve to the left. Also employers may use the threat of unemployment to cut return, exploiting their workers.ExpectationsThe great intangible factor directly affecting the economy currently is peoples expectations for future frugal return. These scotch expectations captivate the economy greatly. If businesses and households are more optimistic about the future of the economy, they are more likely to buy large items and make new investments, increasing the conglomeration demand. The AD can change in a variety of ways. Peoples expectations causes them to leave out less or be forced to cut outgo, it causes the government to cut its spending, and it causes businesses to be more money conscious when choosing what their investment in goods w ill be from other companies. As a gauge, many people look at the megascopic domestic product (GDP), the broadest measure of economic activity, which grew at a 0.1% annual pace in the first quarter of 2014 (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, April 2014). This is black growth compared to recent annual rates of 2% to 3% (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, April 2014).Many think the slowdown was caused by the long winter felt passim the country. These slow growth rates shift both the AD and AS curves to the left, as consumers and business feel the affect or peoples face and see attitude in economy. Assuming this is all weather based, the economy should bounce as household moral improves with the warmer spring and summer weather. Consumer expectations are also reflected in their spending. Consumer spending arise 0.3 share last month after a downwardly revised gain of 0.2 per centum in January (Mutikani, Lucia, edge 2014), positive for this instant, but on a larger scale reports c ross-file the slowdown in echt GDP growth is reflected in the downturn in exports.The exports of industrial supplies and materials as well as foods, feeds, and beveragesdeclined after increasing in the fourth quarter of 2013. (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, April 2014). Additionally, imports have also declined by 0.4 percent in April, after increasing 1.8 percent in the first quarter of 2014 (Bureau of Labor Statistics. April 2014). The April drop was the first monthly decrease since the index finger fell 0.9 percent in November 2013 (Bureau of Labor Statistics. April 2014). Import prices also fell 0.3 percent over the past 12 months and have not recorded a year-over-year advance since the index increased 0.9 percent from July 2012 to July 2013 (Bureau of Labor Statistics. April 2014).There drops in the US economy are felt in the household sector through the implementation of pecuniary and physical policy which are used to combat economic declines which directly affect consum ers expectation and spending habits.Consumer IncomeAs mentioned above, consumers are still purchasing things. Consumer spending continues to be a bright spot, growing at a 3% annual pace. (Mutikani, Lucia, March 2014). This occurred even though prices of goods and services bought by U.S. residents rose 1.4 percent in the first quarter, after rising 1.5 percent in the fourth quarter of 2013. Both energy prices and food prices turned up. Excluding food and energy, prices increased 1.4 percent in the first quarter after rising 1.8 percent in the fourth quarter (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, April 2014). This illustrates the shift in AD tow the right. Meaning consumers are willing to pay higher prices at current yield rates.The increase in consumables indicates consumers have more disposable income to spend on goods and services, and they are not choosing to save. Personal income and personal saving statistic showing that personal income ad excepted for inflation and taxes increase d 1.9 percent in the first quarter, compared with 0.8 percent in the fourth quarter of 2013 (Mutikani, Lucia, March 2014). Incomes also rose 0.3 percent last month after rising by the same margin in January. Additionally, inflation has remained low. Combiningthese factors, consumer spending, price increases, low inflation, increased personal income, will inevitably be forecasted by business as indicators to increase production. Increased production also increase supply, shifting AS to the right as business endeavour to meet consumer demand.Interest RatesInterest rates in the coupled States are the lowest they have been in years. This indicates the policy and stance taken by the government for lending money. The government is trying to entice consumers to file for loans as well as encourage banks to lend and approve loans. With engagement rates this low and consumer income increasing, one would expect consumers to increase their buying of more significant items.The aggregate deman d curve shows, at various price levels, the quantity of goods and services produced domestically that consumers, businesses, and governments are willing to purchase. The increase in demand for low interest loans would shift the AD curve as a shift to the right.Domestically, the Federal Reserve expected to remain in a wait-and-see mode, hoping to get a clearer celluloid of U.S.s future economic strength (Kurtz, Annalyn, April 2014). Moreover, the Federal Reserve has been buying bonds to realize the U.S. economy on and off since 2008, but the central bank is now gradually bringing that program to an end. The withdrawal process is expected to reduce bond purchases to around $45 billion a month (Kurtz, Annalyn, April 2014), and this process potentially will shift the nations monetary policy to focus more on interest rates rather than adjustments to the monetary base.These changes to the interest rates will sham capital goods decisions made by consumers and by businesses. Lower inter est rates will lower the costs of major products, such as houses, and will increase business capital project spending because of the reduction in long-term investment costs. Such changes will move the aggregate demand curve will down and to the right. But, in the event of an interest rate hike, the higher real interest rateswill make capital goods relatively more high-priced and cause the aggregate demand curve to shift up and to the left.RecommendationsAmericas recent financial crisis and the anticipated future economic outlook can be traced back to 2007 when the U.S. housing bubble burst. The bank failures created a dominos affect, creating an economic meltdown in all sectors of the US economy. Despite government attempts to service the situation, the economy has slowed and has slipped in and out of recession. As a result, the current government policies have not been effective, creating hesitations in consumer spending.Since 2008, the actions taken by the Federal Reserve have p ut the U.S.s economy in jeopardy. To stem the economic slide of the U.S. housing collapse, the Federal Reserve has printed off jillions of dollars and has increased government spending in the economy hoping the influx of cash will jump start economic activity. But is has had an inverse affect. This dilution of the monetary base has diluted the value of the U.S. dollar (USD) domestically and internationally and has caused concern of consumer spending in the loanable funds market.Consumer spending is a 69% of the US GDP (The World Bank, 2013). An increase in spending would stimulate additional demand for products. With an increase in demand, business would increase productivity resulting in an improved GDP and lower unemployment. Additionally, in 2014 one of the greatest uses of a consumers income is to pay health care costs. The Bureau of Economic Analysis noted that the increase in health care costs was driven in the main by the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Removing the Affordable Health Care Act will improve consumer spending, as their disposable income percentage will increase.When the financial crisis began in 2008, the U.S. national debt stood approximately at $10 trillion. Based on the US Treasuries own figures, the national debt will reach be close to $20.0 trillion by the end of this decade (US exchequer Department Treasury Direct, 2014), greater than our nations GDP. Reducing governmentdebt takes a long time, especially with the current international influences (China, Japan, EU). A fiscal policy to increased taxes and reduced government spending would be a place to start. Additionally, a reduction in monetary base will again, strengthen the USD internationally, helping facilitate and increase import/exports. Part 2 Evaluation of RecommendationsKeynesian PerspectiveBased upon the thorough analysis completed above, the Keynesian model is an appropriate mechanism for stimulating an economy that is growing but at a much slower rate than w hat is exemplary during a period of economic expansion. After a couple of years of substantive growth, the numbers for the first quarter of 2014 showed a GDP increase of just 0.1%. While the unemployment numbers continue to show a decline. While stubbornly remaining at 6.7% nationally through April, the most recent numbers show significant decline to 6.3%. The mortgage interest rates fell recently to 4.29% as the housing market has slowed down recently.While the Fed is beginning to slow down buying treasury bonds, it will continue to keep interest rates low until all signs point to GDP growth returning to a normal rate of 3.28% annually. Those numbers are indicative of annual GDP growth rates from 1948 to 2009. The first quarter of 2009 saw the economy shrink by nearly 5% following the market collapse and the bank bailouts just before President Obama took office. Subsequently, the bailout of GM and Chrysler in 2009 also impacted the economy as well, but was necessary to save the in dustry and jobs in Detroit and elsewhere for parts manufacturers and suppliers. The risk of course was the loss of more than a million jobs, but in the end the loss was $10.5 billion in taxpayer money not repaid by GM.Classical Macroeconomic theory assumes that market conditions will sort themselves out, but the meeting of catastrophic economic issues such as the real estate market collapse, bank insolvency, the stock market collapse and the auto industry bailouts meant looking at long-term solutions wouldnot provide the confidence in the markets and consumers alike. Short-term or stop gap measures needed to stem the downward spiral to depression and economic contraction were and are required to right the economic ship. Keynesian economic theory is more prone to acceptance of government stimulus as it relied on government spending during economic downturns.They Keynesians believe that the economy is made up of consumer spending, business investment and government spending and becau se of this, Fed monetary policy adjustments should be made to promote banks to make loans, businesses to invest in growth and expansion and consumers to have more buying power due to lower interest rates. When consumer spending is decreasing, the Keynesian theory believes that the government spending can help with economic growth.The current course of action taken by the Fed and the President should be continued for the foreseeable future until economic conditions stabilize back to the norms over the last 60-plus years. Once GDP growth returns to expansionist highs and inflation begins to rise, there may be a need to take corrective action again to slow the economy down, but for now that is not an issue.Since economic growth is lacking, government intervention is needed to help regulate and jumpstart the economy. This will allow banks to lend more, businesses to invest more and households to spend more. It is crucial for these three entities to do as such since it will help the econ omy grow and progress.Classical PerspectiveA portion of the AS curve that is almost vertical is associated with a real GDP rate that fully employs a nations resources. At a rate of output, the nation has reached the limitation of its short run capacity, so an attempt to increase employment or output beyond this rat would result only in a higher aver price level. The theory is build on the fact that in the long run, a nations move gradually and automatically moves toward full employment. This inexorable like movement toward full employment is theresult of supply and demand forces that cause prices (wages, interest rates, and exchange rates) to adjust so that markets clear. And after enough time, the market will settle the supply and demand in all markets, and thereby eliminate any imbalances, such as employment. Since many classical economists do not believe that government spending gives power to the public sector and decreasing the private sector, they do not fully agree with too much government spending as it exploits a lot of economic resources.Example Suppose a nation had excessive unemployment. Classical economist would agree that a major cause of the unemployment was an average real wage rate that was above equilibrium. At this wage rate the amount of labor supplied exceeds the amount demanded, resulting in unemployment. The excessive supply of labor would put downward pressure on real wages. Falling real wages would then have two reinforcing affects that acted simultaneously to bring the labor market back into equilibrium. First, lower real wages would increase the incentive for businesses to hire workers second, they would reduce the number of individuals in the workforce. For instance, instead of looking for work, some individuals might stay in school or remain homemakers. If real wages fell the amount of labor supplied would equal the amount demanded and unemployment would be solved. (Marthinsen, John E. (2007))The classical perspective emphasizes on the belief that government spending is detrimental to the economy and that the market itself is self-sufficient and can automatically adjust to increases and decrease of employment, consumer spending, business investment and so on. The current government policies have not been effective and when looking at it from this classical perspective, it might be necessary for the government to step back and let the mark equilibrate itself.ReferencesBureau of Labor Statistics. (April 2014), U.S. Import and Export Price IndexesRetrieved from http//www.bls.gov/news.release/ximpim.nr0.htmBureau of Labor Statistics. (May 2014), Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey Retrieved from http//data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000Conerly, Bill (2014) Economic Forecast 2014-2015 Looking repair With Help From Oil And Gas Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/sites/billconerly/2014/01/22/economic-forecast-2014-2015-looking-better-with-help-from-oil-and-gas/Congressional Budget Office, (F ebruary 2014). The Budget and Economic Outlook 2014 to 2024 Retrieved from http//www.cbo.gov/publication/45010Kurtz, Annalyn, (April 2014). U.S. Economy Slows to Stall-SpeedRetrieved from http//money.cnn.com/2014/04/30/investing/gdp-economyMarthinsen, John E. (2007) Managing in a Global Economy Demystifying International Macroeconomics. Mason, OH Thomas SouthwesternMutikani, Lucia (March 2014). U.S. consumers lift spending, but sentiment slips. Retrieved from http//www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/28/us-usa-economy-idUSBREA2R0UB20140328The World Bank. (2013). Household final using up expenditure, etc. (% of GDP)Retrieved from http//data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.CON.PETC.ZSU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, (April 2014). National Income and Product Accounts Gross Domestic Product First Quarter 2014 (advance estimate). Retrieved from https//www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/gdp/gdpnewsrelease.htm US Treasury Department Treasury Direct, (2014). Historical Debt Outstanding Annual 200 0 2012 Retrieved from http//www.treasurydirect.gov/govt/reports/pd/histdebt/histdebt_histo5.htm

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

D. H. Lawrence “Piano” analysis Essay

The pas chirp of time in a persons life is filled with many different stages. The poetry Piano by D.H. Lawrence is a complicated example of how a poet might think. The verbalizer in Piano is proud to be a full big man, yet he recognises remembering his happy baby birdhood his nostalgic attitude causes him to feel guilty as if he had betrayed his present state of being. Through telling take inry, Lawrence is able (to describe an image) to help the commentator understand the speakers nostalgic attitude. The diction and bank bill used in this poem reveal the speakers struggle as his feelings mingle between his desire to be a man and his desire to return to his childhood. The poetry and structure of the poem pull through the reader in tune with the flow of the poem. In this poem a man struggles to remain a man while fighting off his memories of the past, which he feels would be uncharacteristic of his present maturity.The imagery in this poem helps to describe a picture in t he readers mind so that the reader can sympathize with the speaker during his journeys into the past. In the first stanza, in the first line, the first image is of a cleaning charr. In the fourth line the reader learns that this woman is the speakers mother. The third line shows an image of a child sitting under the piano . . . pressing the small, poised feet of a mother who smiles. This image gives the reader an image, perhaps of a parlor room, of a child about three or four years of age enjoying the music produced by his mother. The love of the mother shines through her smile as she reciprocates to the childs gentle touch.Later, in the siemens stanza, the contrasting image of a cold, snowy night in the winter and the cozy parlor causes the hymns to seem doubly warm. This represents the traditional image of a grand family sitting around a warm, crackling fire they sing carols together and just enjoy each others company. The piano in the first and second stanza is described as ti ngling strings and clink piano respectively. These light sounds help support the warm cheery atmosphere during that time. These memories are what cause the grown man to be nostalgic for his past.The diction and tone of the poem also show the authors mixed feelings in the poem. The poem begins with the line, softly in the dusk to open the poem with a light, ventilated image. Vista of years, are words used to show hisnostalgia as he walks pull down memory lane. He remembers the boom of the piano, which would seem loud to a child who is four-years-old. In the second stanza, he is a little more negative about his memories. The song he is listening to betrays me back. He feels that these memories should not be felt up with such emotion because they cause him to weep as he reluctantly returns to his past. The last line of the poem is also negative as the speaker breaks down and goes down the flood of remembrance. He again flows down the flood reluctantly into the past. The tone is qui te the same, supporting the diction that the author remembers a happy past, yet is reluctant in continuing to do so. He is happy to remember his past, but he feels his manhood is cast down.This poems structure and rhyme help bring an organization to the way the speaker shares his mixed feelings. The lines are coupled so that every two lines rhyme. The poem is structured so that in each of the three stanza the author describes an image of the present in the first two lines, and then the last two lines are spent describing his comfortable past. The second line of each stanza speaks of the vehicle that sends him back to the past while the third line of each stanza shows his increasing distress. In the first stanza its the singing woman that takes him down the vista of years. Next, the song takes him to the old Sunday evenings at home. Finally, the great black piano reminds him of the past.The continuing conflict of the speakers emotions is described as he enjoys his memories, yet he d espises his continuing nostalgia. The author uses diction and tone in this poem to reveal the speakers struggle as his feelings mix between his desire to be a man and his desire to return to his childhood, and rhyme and structure to keep the reader in tune with the flow of the poem. Lawrence name calling the poem Piano and thus one is poised to assume the piano is the key element of this poem however, this is an example of a poets encouraging the reader to search for a deeper meaning.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Leadership in Context

The Ah Hal moment is distri plainlyed make itership actually did happened in my past appointment as the run-in Commander in the Engineer Training Institute (ET). Being selected in the appointment and the wellspring-nigh senior in rank, I naturally assumed the position of the leader with my subordinates taking Instructions from me. However, for indisputable events such as organizing of units Chinese new Year event, managing of officer cadets cohesion activities, and peculiar(prenominal) training packages, I delegated the planning to my team.Through the process, it was encouraging to see some of my instructors took the initiative to emerge as the assume leader to gussy up and successfully completed the task with minimum surveillance. Despite macrocosm successful, I had also observed that my instructors Kim-Yin chain of mountains et al. , soldiers leaders in the 21st Century perception and Practice, 1st edition (Singapore Coinage schooling Asia, 2011). fall 148 2 Leonard Wong, Paul Bellies, and Dennis McGuire, Military Leadership A scope Specific Review, US host Research, January 1, 2003, http//adolescents. Nil. Due/ chrysanthemum/1 6. Peg 657-692. Reiterative in organizing the event could have been limited by my supervision at some point of time. Hence, It Is of my view that It Is Indeed possible that distributed leadership can be utilise quite successfully In certain areas In dear. My post-action review Len- relation to the concept of Orpheus are being summarized in three points. Firstly, application of distributed leadership can be applied in military setting particularly for a small conference who had attained a certain level of military competencies.It provides opportunities for a rotational leadership enjoyment, allowing any individual to merge as leader and to realize the rich dominance as a group. Secondly, the empowerment given to the Individual must be respected and trusted to master their authority and leadership through a share d vision, rush and purpose. The concept leave alone allow the group to generate greater passion and motivating to reach the desired outcome. Lastly, distributed leadership need to be cautiously calibrated in a traditionally hierarchical organization to prevent the wrong impression of a laissez- fairer or no leadership approach.By planning transport, distributed leadership can be seed to enhanced specific core competencies skills 3 such as creative thinking, communicating to charm, decision making, develop people and team, underdeveloped the individual for success. Task 2 State the appointment that you are likely to be posted to subsequently SC. Being a Combat Engineer by vocation, my next possible appointment might be taking over command in one of the battalion of Singapore Combat Engineer (SEE).I shall 3 SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004. SAFE Leadership Framework. 26 July 04. Provide my assessment and direction in accordance to Circle of the SAFE Leadership 417 Frameworks deputation and purpose, operate environment and desired outcome, to strive forward and achieve a collective vision for my unit. Mission and Purpose. From the theory of core ideology by Jim collins and Jerry Operas, the core values and core purpose of great organization does not change. The units mission and purpose in line with SAFE, in peacetime, is to safeguard our nations security, thereby ensuring Singapore survival ultimately. I leave work to arrest that the unit perform the function of raise, train and sustain, and continues to be ready to play its role in locating Singapore security during my tour and for the foreseeable future. I would consider adopting the leadership in Battle and Garrisons that was taught in LLC lesson 8 in achieving the mission under differing situational requirements.Understanding the flexibility of the competing values and behaviors pass on first allow me to blot emphasis in hold uping relevant in fulfilling the swift and decisive victory part o f the MINDED/SAFE mission and renewed the focus on the units hotter capability, so as to set in place the building blocks for our evolving role in the future operating environment. 4 SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004. SAFE Leadership Framework. 26 July 04. Jim Collins and Jerry I. Operas, Built to Last Successful Habits of Visionary Companies 6 Reuben Gal and A.David Manageresses, Handbook of Military Psychology, 1 edition (Chester New York Wiley, 1991). Peg. 411-429. 5 Operating Environment From LLC lesson 7 that organizational culture is important to the enamour of leadership and vice versa. Edgar H. Scheme said group growth and culture formation can be seen as two sides of the same coin, and both are the moderate of leadership activities and shared experiences. 7 The operating environment of the unit is not Just being ready to handle any contingency but also being operationally proficient to carry out our security operations on a daily basis.Thus the unit needs to be operati onally ready to face the continuous complex VI-CA environment. The unit will need to train the men to attain an approved level of technical competence on operating combat engineers equipments and honing the analytical functions of the commanders to operating in the various operating conditions. The unit culture will be a pattern of hared, basic taken-for-granted assumptions, the culture will manifest itself at the level of noticeable artifacts and shared espoused beliefs and values. To meet the demand and influencing the culture, I will take on the leadership by example to be the source of beliefs and values to gradually build a shared assumptions among the commanders and men in the unit. Desired Outcome My desired outcome is to develop an operational, cohesive and discipline unit, which is capable of maintaining safety and achieving mission success in a wide spectrum of operations. The unit should comprises of committed soldiers who are highly proficient in their tasks and proud o f their identity as Combat Engineer soldiers.A few key factors to focus on to maintain high level of performance and susceptibility are (1) To display 7 Edgar H. Scheme, Organizational Culture and Leadership, third Edition edition (San Francisco Josses Bass, 2004). Peg 87-88 8 Ibid. Leadership by example. Leaders who walks the talk will enable his men and commanders to sense and be inspired by the actions and commitment. (2) To build quality relationships. I am also a firm believer of the Core Theory of Success 9, where laity results. (3) To instill a sense of purpose.Never go through motion and make clear of the purpose in the tasking so as to enable strong sense of ownership and foster a stronger commitment to the unit. Task 3 order and explain the key leadership requirements for my appointment. Values Figure 1 . SAFE 24-7 Leadership Frameworks Based on the SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework (refer to Figure 1), a SAFE leader will need the four factors provided within the triangula r block for legal leadership. First key requirement is values which is the basic invertebrate foot of the triangle.A strong set of 9 John Steersman, Organizational Learning at Work Embracing the Challenges of the New Work place (Waltham, Mass Pegasus Communications, 1998). 10 Adapted from SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004, SAFE Leadership Framework, dated 26 July 2004. Peg values that SAFE leaders derive their moral potency for influencing their soldiers. 11. The importance of values cannot be overstated and hence my values need to be aligned with the SAFE core values to remain firm in my convictions and actions. Leadership is the process of influencing people. 2 1 will lead by example and exemplify the SAFE core values to positively influence my commanders and men. With the agreeable inculcation of values, it will be a guide for everyone to do the right things regardless whether one is being watched or not. encompassing-Range Leadership Balancing between Transactional and Tr ansformational Figure 2 Relationship of ELM in the Military Context The next key requirement is leadership flares. There is no single leadership style good enough for all situations and picking up three particular styles of leadership (I. E. Situational Leadership, Path-goal theory and Full Range model) from LLC lesson 5, it 11SEA-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004, SAFE Leadership Framework, dated 26 July 2004. Peg 3 13 Adapted from APP Chain, K. Y. , LACE-02-Slides_Overview_Concepts_Appropriateness DARPA-22 for STUDENTS APP. Slide 49. Was understood that the styles of leadership were often dependent of the leader, the follower and situations. I believe the full range leadership model is best suited for my next appointment and I need to balance the range of styles between transactional and transformational so that I can effectively communicate and lead as a Officer Commanding (CO) of a Battalion.Reaching for transformational leadership Tyler will likely to yield a positive and longer- lasting effects. Leadership, vigilance and Command Figure 2 Relationship of ELM in the Military Context Other than SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework, I will want to look at the concept of Leadership, Management and Command (ELM) (refer to Figure 2) from LLC lesson 2 to be one of the key requirement. ELM are three unambiguous concepts but inseparable and intertwined1 5. Taking over a command appointment makes me dwell deeper into the LLC 14 Adapted from APP Chain, K. Y. , LOCO 15 Chain et al. Military Leadership in the 21st Century Science and Practice. Peg 8-14 concept. Looking beyond peacetime tasking and operations, although the application of all three concept are equally important, I will focus more on leadership role to influence soldiers by providing the purpose, direction and motivation that required to achieved mission success. 16 Task 4 My leadership strengths and weaknesses? According to my MYSELF report and matching the result with the SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework, I had clearly exhibited a value-based leadership and my strength in the core competency were mission, social and developmental.The results resonated well urine my appointment as Course Commander, with extremely tight training the end-of-course survey, bring out areas like our instructors role modeling, value inculcation, individual development and mission focus. The positive feedbacks were good indications that my instructors understood their roles well and they were given opportunities to develop and lead with my guidance. Socially, I had displayed good interpersonal effectiveness and able to communicate to influence my team well. With strengths, there is also weakness. One of my weakest factor reported was inflexibility of my leadership style.Previously as Course Commander, I was not deeply exposed to the various leadership styles as compared to now in petrol SC. Then, I adopted a more consistent leadership style towards my trainees and my team thinking that a more homogeneous outcom e in the inculcation of the SAFE core values was better. 16 Ibid However, I realized this might not be the most effective method to motivate and lead the team. An effective leaders are those who can shift between transactional and transformational leadership styles as required by fate and the characteristics of followers17.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Negotiation with chinese Essay

We need to express simple appreciation to prof Shia Yun Chiang for his assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. In addition, special thanks to Yama (Yuehai shoe substantive Ltd) whos familiarity with the needs and ideas of these team and was helpful during the early programming phase of this research. INTRODUCTION Continental use is a comp some(prenominal) where excellence and guest satisfactory be priority. by and by ten age of macrocosm in caper, continental no seeks to enter the Chinese market.On Thursday, June 13th 2013, or so members were selected to visit the authority customers of our smart shoe-soles proposes to introduce and negotiate our terms. These members include Mr. Emmanuel Mlay (Financial Officer), Mr. Robin Sharma(Managing Director), Mr. Cliff Osoo ( pay offing Officer), Ms. Bella Chan (General Overseer), Ms. Sandra O. K (Sales Manager). Upon arrival, we were scoren in and virtu anyy the factory to experience their works and then to the meet ing room. In this report, we explain further our observation and startings in negotiating with the typical Chinese.This report emphasizes primarily on the observations which includes specifications, mode of conduct, styles and techniques also elaborating on how they work together as individualist or collectivism. Again the language used, what they felt at ease to say, their converse skills, relationships with clients, were also below study. However their reason tabooing and counseling of thinking was some(a)how fascinating and rattling interesting which this report enlightens ideally and strategically. A brief but very informative research was d wizard to do our potential customers in front make turn up to them.The genius blabbered about in this report is Yuehai shoes material, a very renowned shoesole company in mainland chinaw ar. In the decease, all stock operations screw be cut back to three words plurality, crossway and profits. Unless youve got a good team , you shadowert do ofttimes with the new(prenominal) two. 1 1 By Lee Iacocca 1 Chapter 1 THE CONTINENTAL DESIGN Continental throw pass ons contraryiated products that accelerate innovations in the global design market. With ten years of experience and commitment, Continental design has grown to be one of the strongest competitors in the field of designing.This company has also spent those ten years in developing its communication and talks skills. Its management capabilities have enabled it to technically handle the challenges and efficiently provide products that argon best in the market. As Victor Papanek once said Design is the conscious grounds to impose a meaningful order. Continental design was founded by a team of five engineers with one primary goal of working hard helping all small and big shoes companies to acquire through professionally enhanced designs.Today, Continental design is a full-service independent company with about 10 percent of the world market sh atomic go 18. Our services cover the whole of Africa, South and North the States, pose einsteinium and few countries in Asia. Recently we have initiated our prototypal staple toward China market. 2 BUYERS COMPANY compose Yuehai space Materials Yuehai shoe material has much than 20 years of manufacturing experience and large number of adapted senior employees who argon devoted to settling line of works and confronting challenges. It has adopted advanced equipment from Taiwan and main land China.The proceeds technology is matured and reliable at the same cartridge holder it uses the original material that reads its products to be celebrated by their mellow qualities. Its domestic market ranges from Guangzhou and mountgguan where in that respect is a stiff competition that helps them to develop new and up-to date designs that meet the market demands. It then covered the whole of China before capturing Europe and America as the first target in external market. Most rec ently, it has expanded its external market to Middle East and Africa as a whole, where it has entered into to a greater extent than 10 dissimilar countries.Shoes are human free-and-easy life necessities. Shoes industries go absent never perish as long as human organism still exists. With the use of imagination this company is committed to continue to develop shoe industries as bump of making the life of entire society in the world come apart off. Address No. 39 beicun road, huangqi, nanhai district, foshan city, Guangdong province, China. Tel 8675785938525 Fax 867578592981 Email tailon21cn. net Yuehaixe. com. cn 3 Chapter 2 NEGOTIATION PREPARATION In talks thither are few involvements that have to be put in place before the negotiating team or somebody set off for the negotiation.The factors that are for the most part considered before negotiation are ? Length of stipulation This is the period that the proclamation allow for imbibe before its renewed again. The seller perpetually turn in this factor because it affect the profit the company provide make and for how long. Mostly its 1 to 3 years. This factor is important because it also influence the impairment to be offered to the purchaser. ? Volume to be ordered later a seller has agreed on the distance of contract then the next topic to talk about is the Volume that lead be bought.When few goods are bought, thither is a high surmise that the price will be higher un worry when a large quantity is bought therefore these first 2 factors influence the price of the item. ? expense The third factor to talk about afterward length of contract and volume is price at which the good will be sold. In every company, there is a price offered depending on the quantity to be bought, quality and separate things postulate for issue. The larger the quantity, the disappoint the price will be and vice versa. 4 ? Payment Terms and Services.The most important thing for a company going for a negotiatio n is length of contract, volume and price and other things like stipend terms and services comes up later. The last two remaining factors are considered to make undispu fudge that the items agreed before is taken into account in a proper manner. Payment terms are important because change surface if you have a long contract with large volume but payment is non done in time, you will have to lose something. Services are offered to the buyer to make sure he/she is satisfied with the goods bought. 5 SELLERS WISH LIST.Here we made our wish list before we went to the meeting. We had decided our lowest price and the contract length. Below you can see the resolving of our company board meeting before going to negotiate with Chinese company ITEM2 Length of contract Volume Price Payment terms Services WEIGHT 40% 25% 20% 10% 5% RANGE 2-1 Years 500- speed of lightunits/month $200-$150 10-15 years 5/5-8/5 In the accompanying table you can see that we agreed to have at least 1 year contract with Chinese company. As they are old and experience company, we imagine that it wont be any problem even if we have 2 years long contract.In terms of volume we were ready to contain any amount till up to 500 per months. Price was the main concern of our meeting. We know that they will try to egest more time on the price negotiating and knowing we have galore(postnominal) competitors in the market, we needed to come up with a very good price range. We also had an agreement on payment terms which should meet within the short period. Lastly, we agreed to offer them a good customer service. 2 Professor Shia Yun Chiang Power point presentation-Estimating wish list ,Power point presentation slide no. 9 & 10 6 THE AGREEMENT ZONE In every negotiation, there are two possible outcomes.The parties can either reach an agreement or not. The first situation is where the seller and the buyer dont reach an agreement at all, either, receivable to the buyer or seller not agreeing with the offe r slide byn. The second situation is where the two parties (Buyer and Seller) reach an agreement and signs a contract for the business to take place immediately. For the two parties to reach an agreement, they will have to consider their Consequence of No Agreement (CNA). CNA will either make the two parties to agree or disagree.BUYERS WISH LIST ITEM3 Price Services Payment terms Length of contract Volume WEIGHT 45% 25% 20% 5% 5% RANGE $100-$150 8/5-5/5 Cash transfer 3-1Years 50-100units/month After a lengthy discussion with the buyer, following were the outcomes of negotiation OUTCOME ITEM Price Length of Contract Volume Payment Terms Services DETAILS $150/Design 1 Year 100 Units/month Cash Transfer in 2 days 10 Days training Professor Shia Yun Chiang Power point presentation-Estimating wish list ,Power point presentation slide no. 9 & 10 7 Chapter 3 OBSERVATION VALUES AND THINKING IN NEGOTIATION.When going for a negotiation one has to learn the buyers values in thinking. These va lues differ from one country or one region to the other and it can cause a mis correspondence between the two parties. accord to the research we did about Chinese negotiation, we found out that Chinese are more relationship point than Africans and even other nations. As soon as we entered into the Chinese office for the negotiation, they offered us Water. This proves that they are more relationship oriented they use this to build a rapport between their clients even before negotiation. other thing that the company we were negotiating with did is that, they invited us for supper. In these acts we can see how Chinese people are mostly towards relationship with their clients unlike other European countries or America and even Africa. Before us reaching a conclusion, the Chinese people enquireed a lot of personal questions even in the middle of our negotiation. well-nigh of the questions they asked were When will you go back to your country? Do you like china? Is your country very desirous than china? These personal questions that are not related to business are a clear range of a function of Chinese values and thinking in a negotiation.As a general hold, its always safer to adopt a formal posture and move to an informal stance, if the situation warrants it, than to assume an informal style too quickly4 4 As Jeswald W. Salacuse- (Ivey Business journal) 8 . During our research, we were also able to annotate some of the things that are not common in African countries and even other continents. The first thing that they did is to welcome us in a very encouraging manner that made us flavor at home, and with such hospitality, we were able to do the negotiation having been convinced that Chinese are good business people.This kind of hospitality that Chinese people give to their clients make them win in the businesses they negotiate in because the other party will feel so cared for that they can trust the offers given. Another thing we observe in the research i s the way they asked us whether someone has introduced us to the company or we looked it up in the internet. At the beginning I didnt see the reason wherefore they should be concerned with how we got to know about the company, but after we finished the meeting I had to ask and what they told us is, in Chinese (Intermediary/ middleman). This is one of the things that make us to realize how important Chinese value relationship in the business arena. The other behavior that we observed in the process of visiting and doing the negotiation is that, immediately we arrived at the factory, we were receive and taken around the factory to see how they do their production and even explaining every step of production line. This really made us feel honored and we started to see them as transparent and responsible people, something that needed in business so much.Chinese negotiating style is people oriented and permeated with such Confucians notion as guanxi, renqing, face, family age, harmony , power structure, li (etiquette)5. 5 As said by Tong Fang Chinese Business Negotiating Styles 9 CIRCULAR logical thinking & TALKING In our haste to market our designs for shoe soles. We came across various ways in which Chinese carry out their business negotiation. While most of the companies we approached exhibited the sequential kind of talking, the Chinese demonstrated the banknote type.Interestingly, as we tried to obtain information and answer their questions regarding our products, we realized that Chinese, when not interested in your product would rather beat about the bush than going straight to the point. This is mostly demonstrated in the time of negotiating prices. This makes it hard to determine their stance in terms of buying the product. It is closely impossible at that import to determine the level of consequence of no agreement on the buyers side. As much as you try explaining and convincing Chinese buyers who are less interested in a product, you will end up jus t like before.It is hard for them to say no point blank. This I believe is because of the long courting and relationship they build up with their business partners before negotiating. For instance, in one of our interviews, the interviewee mentioned after our refusal to take lunch with him that it is the culture of Chinese people to dine with their potential business partners irrespective of their interests. He explained that not only does this emphasize politeness it also creates room for next or future cooperation. That is why in almost every meeting with a Chinese business man, you are served tea or water even before the talking starts.As pleasing as this might sound, it is also the reason behind the average Chinese would insufficiency to beat about the bush when not interested in the product for sale. Relationship and friendship are commonly used to obtain a break up price and more concessions. 10 Herbig and Martin (1998), Stark, Fam, Waller and Tian (2005), and Zhu et al. (20 07) all found that the Chinese do not rush into the negotiation, but rather, spend a lot of time in getting to know their counterparts as much as possible, even including personal information in order to build guanxi and trust from the beginning.Another finding is that they would want to end the meeting peace fully and friendly just as it had started without having to ruin the relationship or hurt anyones feelings, yet they have to decide whether or not to purchase the product. According to Faure (1999), the Chinese focus more on relationship building during this stage, as they need to know their counterparts for any business deal to occur. This negotiation practice might cause conflict with Westerners, as Westerners prefer to start negotiations straight away after basic greetings and introductions. Rule how to be successful in dealing with ChineseBe fair, reasonable and diplomatical If your Chinese counterpart believes that you are being unreasonable, they may not openly say so, bu t your negotiations are likely to stall and go nowhere. If you disagree with your counterpart, dont simply reject their position out of hand, but carefully explain your reasoning. 6 6 Forbes by Jack Perkowski (Negotiating in China 10 rules for Success 11 QUESTIONING & INTERRUPTING Weve had several encounters with many customers throughout the years, but what makes the Chinese customers large is their mode of questioning.Unlike our African customers, they tend to interrupt and chip in their questions whiles you are talking. In some cultures, this might seem rude and impolite but this is not so for Chinese. They are very cooperative, imperative and defensive. This encourages and makes the one talking feel hes being listened to. This normally generates positive feedback. During one of the interviews conducted, it came to our acknowledgement that, the typical or traditional Chinese interrupts more than the Chinese who has been open to Western culture.Customers who deal with Westerner s or Africans have adjusted to some of their negotiation skill. This we believe will go a long way to influence most Chinese business partners. Their character or attitude of seeking and asking questions is different from other people in the sense that Chinese exhibits a character of Xenophobia which is a distrust of all things foreign to ones own culture. Xenophile is a lust to obtain all things new and or foreign. The Chinese have become inclined to distrust anything and everyone from foreign lands due to their history of violent revolutions and disposal seizures and changes.On the other hand, they have also seen the new technologies and high standard of living in the West, and many Chinese struggle with these mixed feelings as they pursue business opportunities with foreigners and seek to acquire western technologies (Pye, 1992) 12 COLLECTIVISM Under collectivism, the means of production are owned and controlled by the state or the people as a whole. Also, it describes any outlo ok or philosophy that stresses the interactivity between people. It is often consider as opposite of individualism.There are two basic types of collectivism horizontal and vertical. In the horizontal type, members are considered to be as equal as possible, and share resources and responsibilities. The vertical include a social hierarchy that society member work to maintain, and people submit to those above them in the hierarchy. Collectivism in China When Mao Ze Dong came into power he strengthens the collectivism by eliminating landowners and individualists, sending nearly everyone to work in collectivist communities.Therefore, China has been more collectivist than individualist in both ancient and modern history. many a(prenominal) research states that, there are many leaders in China today who believe that the days of collectivism in China will soon be gone. There are several reasons for this. initiatory is that the one-child-policy, especially in the cities, it gives us many y ounger citizens who have been raised to believe that they hold a special place in the world. This kind of upbringing leads to individualism over collectivism.In business point, there are still many grammatical cases of collectivist thinking. For example, When we(foreigner) and Chinese, began to work together, mainly the Chinese look towards the team as 13 the reason for the company success, but on the other hand, the foreigner(us) were trying to identify individual high performers. Thats one of the different between Chinese and foreign culture. Collectivism between our culture (as a foreigner) and Chinese Collectivism is a cultural pattern found especially in East Asia, Latin America, and Africa.But nowadays societies are not purely individualist or collectivist, but some of them are the mixture of the two. Western and Northern Europe, USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand are individualist. Conclusion Although there are few countries fully apply in collectivism, like North Korea , most of the countries are applying the mixture of collectivism and individualism. Those countries practicing collectivism mainly have a low GDP level, because it affects trade with the other countries. 14 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN precondition OF TIME AND PRICE.The important aspects when we negotiate with Chinese Patience is the most important qualification for successful negotiations with the Chinese. Negotiations in China often take time because of different departments within one organization tend to be involved in negotiation processes and decision-making within the Chinese bureaucracy often takes time. By Confucianism, Chinese will not rush into any serious meetings with someone whom they do not know trust and a certain feeling of closeness. Here is the example of Chinese negotate style we found.It prove that, to negotiate a dearie price with Chinese, obviously we need time. 1. Dont expose too much of your interest in a product you want to buy even though youre really drawn to it. It is better to act like that it does not matter to you and you dont have to have it. Sometimes the gross sales person would tell you if he or she can judge from your facial expression that you really want that item. 2. In the first time you will never get the exact item for the price. Usually the sales person would try to seduce you by offering an unfavorable price.For example, for a necklace placed at $100, if you ask the sales person for discount, perhaps for the first time she would give you a discount like $90. Dont take it. Just think that it is too high and walk away. Sometimes the sales person would shout at your back and offer much more favorable discounts. 15 3. The second negotiation is to reach a middle point. Try to get 45-60% discount of the original price. If it is impossible, try to get somewhere around 70-85%. Try to negotiate in a friendly way. If the agreement cannot be reached, walk away again.4. The final negotiation will be the last attempt. Be firm an d try to get 40% off. Some might finally give you 40% off, while some cant due to different price strategies involved and store renting fees, staff cost, etc. To compare with our culture(as a foreigner), in our country, all the goods had set their fixed selling price, and most of the company usually have their own rule for market selling, therefore the vacuum for price negotiate will be less. 16 LANGUAGE bulwark Our group members come from Nepal, Ghana, Tanzania, and Hong Kong.We declare different languages. English is our second language. We often face with language parapet within and outside the group. . Language barrier often is a big problem. If this was an outsourcing job or arrangement work, language would probably have a major role, as both require clear understanding of the accents, practice of speaking in a fluent way. Cause of language barrier 1. Emails written communication we should be able to clearly understand written instructions and reply with clear and also fol low rules in a polite way.Sometimes we often wrote a business mail in a friendly tone, instead we should write in a formal way. 2. Phone Calls While working with an outsourcing partner, providing a phone number for emergencies may seem to be a good idea. However if this phone number happens to be attended by a non-English speaking person, it will serve nothing but a source of irritation. So we can think of giving the mobile number of a representative who can speak with clear and patience even if the resolution is not attained on the call in itself. 17 Useful method between different language.Pictogram and simple image are useful method as icon or sign for almost every place. It means they are efficient to give information to people without any words. They have high possibility to support the communication between two people without spoken language. Conclusion We need to use English to communicate with each other, when we were going to Nanhai to take the video, sometimes we need to use Chinese to communicate with the local Chinese people. When people from different countries speak in different languages, we often face difficulties an understanding each other.We cannot express our meaning in a proper way. During our research, when we took the train, there was problem in translating Chinese characters. So it is quite hard for us to find the way to the shoe factory. In addition, the English level of a local Chinese are mainly still in low level, some of them even cannot understand what we are asking. I think it is what we are called language barriers. 18 Chapter 4 TIPS TO NEGOTIATE WITH CHINESE The intensive research negotiation we conducted at Yuehai Shoes Materials factory widened up our knowledge about Chinese negotiation.We believe through this report you have acquired some usefully tips on how to strategically negotiate with Chinese. Upon what you have learned here are our recommendations for you to conquer any negotiation ? Be prepared Make sure you are we ll prepared. ? Understand the cultural differences. write down to know the other culture. ? Dont be afraid of negotiation if you can talk you can negotiate. ? Show some emotions (share some burden)remember, people value them. ? Be on time.. time is money. ? Be careful use appropriate language. ? Be in control dont allow other things to distract your focus.? Give some room for the other party (compromise whenever necessary). ? Show some vivid example a picture is worth a thousand words. 19 CONCLUSION Deal is always better that no deal. 7 As hard as negotiation may seem to be, its outcomes are almost always worth the endurance. In different cultures where there are different goals, different point of views, different interests, different values and beliefs, different needs and different decision making styles it takes a considerably long amount of effort for sellers and buyers to reach the agreement zone.Both parties must be willing to give up part of their wish or lower their requi rements which do not happen easily. With better understanding of both cultures of the parties involved, the negotiation will yield more significance solutions. One should keep in mind that negotiation is the cornerstone of any successfully business in the world. Despite the difficulties involved in the strategic negotiation, lets us follow the words of one of our great fathers who once said, Lets never negotiate out of fear, but lets us never fear to negotiate. 8 7 Professor Shia Yun Chiang class PowerPoint presentation 8a.